人類可以從大自然中尋找各種靈感，並將其應用於科學和技術的發展。通過了解生物的結構和功能，我們能使用更少的能源和資源在工程領域上獲得更好的產率和效能。液晶材料是一種獨特且具自組裝功能的軟性物質，對外部刺激有良好的靈敏性。液晶分子可以透過物理或化學方法排列成特定的結構。此外，液晶聚合物網絡內分子排列的變化與預設計的三維結構能表現出相對應的各式運動。為了模仿自然界中蝴蝶、變色龍、章魚和人體虹膜的動作及顏色變化，在這項研究中，我們展示了用於製作人造功能性材料的聚合物之合成及設計。另外，也探討用於組織工程的生物相容性支架之製備。
在第三章中，我們發現人眼中的虹膜括約肌可以依據光線的強度進行收縮和舒張，以調整瞳孔大小來適應環境的明暗。受到此機制的啟發，我們利用含聚多巴胺塗層的液晶彈性體，在近紅外光的照射下實現了徑向收縮。整體運動行為，類似人類虹膜基於光線變化的效果。本研究設計之功能性聚合物，其可靠的可逆性和出色的機械性也得到了證實。
在第四章中，透過預先設計的「單鍋法」，製造了能同時顯示顏色和形狀變化的熱敏性液晶致動器。藉由使用該技術，創造了「平面共焦圓錐」排列的液晶聚合物。本研究提出的這種具新穎性「單鍋法」，能成功地合成了仿蝴蝶的掌性液晶聚合物。
在第五章中，為了實現三維細胞培養，我們合成了一系列含有親水單體「甲基丙烯酸羥乙酯」的兩性水凝膠。由於兩性聚合物的正負電末端基間的動態相互作用力，能使水凝膠具有「自我修復」的特性。根據本研究結果，所合成的兩性水凝膠可作為三維細胞培養的生物支架，此材料將有助於組織工程和醫療領域的應用。
在第六章中，我們使用了「二次聚合法」和「鹽浸法」來製備具三維多孔結構的液晶生物支架。本研究提出了結合液晶的配向性、和彈性體的易加工性，來製備肌肉細胞支架的新策略。使用正常人皮膚「成纖維細胞」與大鼠的「平滑肌細胞」來進行細胞培養實驗。實驗結果顯示，本研究中設計的具多孔性液晶生物支架，在組織工程領域中的人工肌肉製備，具有優異的相容性及無限的應用潛力。

Humans can search for various inspirations from nature and apply them to the development of science and technology. By understanding the structure and function of creatures, humans can use less energy and resources to achieve better yields and efficiency in the engineering field. Liquid crystal materials are unique self-assembled functional soft substances showing absolute sensitivity to external stimulations. The liquid crystal molecules can be arranged in the specific construction with the physical or chemical aligning approaches. Furthermore, the variation of molecular arrangements inside the polymeric networks with predesigned three-dimensional constructions exhibits the corresponding actuation motions. To imitate the actions and the color variations of butterfly, chameleon, octopus, and iris in nature, in this study, we demonstrate some designation of synthetic functional polymers using for the creation of artificial functional materials. In addition, fabrication of biocompatible polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering was also investigated.
In chapter 3, we found that the iris sphincter muscles of human eyes can contract and relax according to the intensity of light and adjust the pupil size to adapt to the ambient light and darkness. Inspired by the behavior of human iris sphincter muscles, we utilized the liquid crystalline elastomer incorporating the polydopamine coating to achieve the radial contraction during the irradiation of near-infrared (NIR). The overall motion is similar to the effect of light variation on the human iris. Reliable reversibility and outstanding mechanical performance of the synthesized functional polymers were also confirmed.
In chapter 4, the thermal-sensitive liquid crystal actuators showing simultaneously color and shape variations were fabricated via a predesigned one-pot method. By using the skill, the planar-co-focal conic arranged liquid crystal polymers were created. Butterfly-imitated liquid crystalline chiral polymers were successfully synthesized via this novel one-pot method.
To achieve 3D cell culture, a series of polyampholyte (PA) hydrogels containing hydrophilic monomer HEMA were synthesized in chapter 5. The dynamic interaction between the positive and negative termini of the polyampholyte endowed the hydrogels with self-healing ability. Based on the results, the synthesized PA hydrogels are applicable as a polymeric scaffold for 3D cell culture, which will be useful for tissue engineering and medical applications.
In chapter 6, we demonstrate the fabrication of three-dimensional porous liquid crystalline scaffolds through a two-step polymerization and a salt leaching method. The novel strategy combining the aligning properties of liquid crystals and the ease of processing of elastomers for the preparation of muscle cell scaffolds was proposed. In vitro experiments using the normal human dermal fibroblast cells and smooth muscle cells from rats were carried out. The results indicate that liquid crystalline porous scaffolds synthesized in this work show great opportunities for the fabrication of artificial muscles in tissue engineering.

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Chapter 3
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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