色差的研究已有幾世紀的歷史，其中對於消除色像差的功能，更是對後世的相機、望遠鏡及顯微鏡等產品有著莫大的影響，因此色差是需要被探討的課題。本文旨在探討高斯近軸色差，為得出近軸光學系統的一階色差，於第二章利用系統的ABCD矩陣，預估出物點在像平面上的理想成像位置，並以佩茲瓦透鏡系統為例，使用電腦程式Fortran模擬計算出在不同可見光波長之下，近軸光學的ABCD矩陣及高斯像平面、入射瞳與出射瞳、近軸光學基點以及放大倍數。第三章介紹複消色差雙膠合透鏡，並透過光學軟體ZEMAX模擬，驗證其消色差能力，再討論不同光線視場角及物距等情況下的消色差成果差異。第四章及第五章則是介紹雙分離式透鏡和雙分離式複消色差透鏡，並分別透過透鏡間距、透鏡焦距、阿貝數及光學功率的關係，以及由ABCD矩陣做起始，進行公式推導，設計出兩種雙分離式複消色差透鏡，經由ZEMAX模擬後，計算其紅∕藍光焦距差，並討論藍光焦距差之變化，以及透鏡間距對於雙分離式透鏡及雙分離式複消色差透鏡的消色差成果有何影響，驗證出本文透過ABCD矩陣所設計的雙分離式複消色差透鏡擁有很好的消色差能力。

This article aims to explore the axial chromatic aberration of Gaussian optics. Chapter 2 estimates the ideal imaging position of the object point on the image plane using the system's ABCD matrix to derive the first-order chromatic aberration of the axial optical system. Taking the Petzval lens system as an example, a computer program in Fortran is used to simulate and calculate the ABCD matrix of the axial optics, Gaussian image plane, entrance and exit pupils, axial optical principal points, and magnification under different visible light wavelengths.
Chapter 3 introduces the apochromatic doublet lens and verifies its chromatic aberration correction ability through simulation using the optical software ZEMAX. It then discusses the differences in chromatic aberration correction results under different light ray field angles and object distances.
Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the separate lens and separated apochromatic doublet lens, respectively. Through the relationship between lens spacing, lens focal length, Abbe number, and optical power, as well as starting from the ABCD matrix for formula derivation, two types of separated apochromatic doublet lenses are designed. After simulation with ZEMAX, the difference in focal lengths between red and blue light is calculated, and the variation of blue light focal length difference, as well as the impact of lens spacing on the chromatic aberration correction results of the separate lens and the separated apochromatic doublet lens, are discussed. It is verified that the separated apochromatic doublet lens designed in this article through the ABCD matrix has excellent chromatic aberration correction capability.

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