環境監測為瞭解污染物在環境流布的方法，目前取得環境樣品的方式主要為傳統(主動式)採樣，即在短時間內採集少量樣品，但隨著工商業發展，許多化合物被製造生產，若其不易以污水處理程序去除且環境中存在於微量濃度，透過傳統採樣方式難以掌握其流布情形，因此被動式採樣器被發明以彌補傳統採樣方式的缺陷，其優點為增加對微量污染物檢測的能力及追蹤水中污染物時間和空間的變化趨勢。
本研究挑選本實驗室過往曾經研究與監測的8種化合物作為目標化合物，包含壬基酚(4-nonylphenol)、磺胺噻唑(sulfathiazole, STZ)、磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine, SDZ)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(sulfamethazine, SMZ)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(sulfamerazine, SMR)、磺胺甲噁唑(sulfamethoxazole ,SMX)、待乙妥(diethyltoluamide, DEET)、雙酚A (bisphenol A, BPA)，上述目標化合物多數屬於極性化合物，所以挑選極性有機化合物累積採樣器(polar organic chemical integrative sampler, POCIS)作為本研究的被動式採樣器。極性有機化合物累積採樣器計算水中污染物的時間加權平均(time-weighted average, TWA)濃度的參數採樣率(sampling rate, RS)會受到環境因子(如：溫度、pH、流速、溶解性有機物質、生物附著、導電度)的影響，因此採樣點選定急水溪上游，其水溫、pH變動不大，採樣器之多孔性半透膜選擇聚醚碸材質(polyethersulphone, PES)，不易產生生物附著，因此本研究主要探討導電度、溶解性有機物質及流速對目標化合物RS的影響，並瞭解傳統採樣及被動式採樣器所檢測的污染物濃度差異。
研究顯示導電度及溶解性有機物質對DEET及磺胺類抗生素的RS影響甚小，推測DEET及磺胺類抗生素對於PES膜有良好的親和力，所以不受導電度及溶解性有機物質影響，但轉速對DEET及磺胺類抗生素的RS影響較大，當轉速上升至64 rpm時，DEET及磺胺類抗生素的RS約上升2 – 3倍，但隨著轉速再上升至200 rpm時，則RS變動較小，因DEET及磺胺類抗生素的RS受到邊界層影響，當在低轉速的情況下，邊界層會變薄，DEET及磺胺類抗生素在水中傳輸到膜上的阻力也變小，所以RS會增加，而在高轉速的情況下，邊界層則不會再變薄，DEET及磺胺類抗生素在水中傳輸到膜上的阻力也不會變化，因此RS不會再增加。導電度及溶解性有機物質對BPA及4-NP的RS影響較大，當導電度上升至1.1 mS/cm時，BPA及4-NP的RS分別增加1.6倍、3.7倍，但當導電度再持續上升，則BPA及4-NP的RS逐漸下降，推測是導電度上升增加水中離子強度，造成化合物的溶解度下降，因此BPA及4-NP會傾向往吸附劑，所以RS會上升，但隨著水中離子強度增加，BPA及4-NP通過PES膜的阻力可能增加，所以造成RS下降；當溶解性有機物質濃度上升至1 mg/L時，BPA及4-NP分別下降2.8倍、1.3倍，當溶解性有機物質濃度再上升時，BPA的RS則是不太變動，4-NP的RS於溶解性有機物質上升至15 mg/L，與溶解性有機物質為0 mg/L的RS相比約上升1.4倍，推測是溶解性有機物質可能影響BPA及4-NP在PES膜傳輸的阻力，因此造成RS變動，但轉速對BPA及4-NP的RS影響較小，當轉速上升至64 rpm時，BPA及4-NP的RS變動較小，當轉速再上升至200 rpm時，BPA及4-NP的RS分別上升1.1倍、2.0倍，因BPA及4-NP的RS主要是受到膜控制的影響，因此RS不會隨著轉速上升，但當轉速上升，可能讓膜中的BPA及4-NP濃度更快達到平衡，變成由邊界層控制，所以RS會上升。
本研究被動式採樣計算的濃度與傳統採樣分析濃度有相似的趨勢，如SMZ、BPA、4-NP在傳統採樣分析的濃度高時，被動式採樣計算的時間加權平均濃度也較高，且BPA的時間加權平均濃度與過往數據比對，亦落在過往數據的變動範圍內，故認為極性有機化合物累積採樣器是具有潛力成為環境採樣方法之一。另外，當傳統採樣分析濃度低於LOQ時，被動式採樣計算的時間加權平均濃度也是低於傳統採樣分析的LOQ，顯示被動式採樣較傳統採樣確實能增加檢測微量污染物的能力。

The effects of conductivity, dissolved organic matter, and flow rate on sampling rates (RS) for endocrine disrupting compounds (4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA)), personal care products (diethyltoluamide (DEET)), and sulfonamide antibiotics (sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethazine (SMR), and sulfamethoxazole, (SMX)) by polar organic chemical integrative sampler with Oasis® HLB was investigated in simulation experiments. The results showed that the influence of conductivity and dissolved organic matter on the sulfonamide and DEET sampling rate was minor. It is speculated that sulfonamide and DEET have a good affinity for the polyethersulphone (PES) membrane. Because the boundary layer controlled the sulfonamide and DEET sampling rate, when rotational speed increased, their sampling rate was increased two times. The influence of conductivity and dissolved organic matter on BPA and 4-NP sampling rate was more significant. It is speculated that the conductivity produces a salting-out effect, which increases the ionic strength in water, so the compound's solubility decreases and tends to go to the adsorbent. Dissolved organic substances may affect the transmission resistance of BPA and 4-NP in the PES membrane, decreasing the sampling rate. The influence of flow rate on BPA and 4-NP sampling rate was minor by membrane control. In addition, Compare the concentration difference between passive sampling and conventional sampling. The results showed that contaminant concentrations from passive sampling showed similar trends to those from conventional sampling.

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