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研究生: 許書凱
Hsu, Shu-Kai
論文名稱: 應用多維度圖形元件於營建專案排程規劃之研究
Using Multi-Dimensional Graphic Components to Generate the Schedule for the Construction Project
指導教授: 馮重偉
Feng, Chung-Wei
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 99
中文關鍵詞: 基因演算法多維度圖形元件規劃排程
外文關鍵詞: Genetic Algorithms, Scheduling, Planning, Multi-dimensional model
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  • 以往專案排程多由有經驗的規劃人員依要徑法產生時程網圖,然而不同規劃人員對於作業項目、作業關係、作業需時多有其主觀判斷,導致專案排程常因規劃人員之經驗而有不同的結果,且排程結果往往缺乏與其他工程資訊連結。解析工程專案生命週期資訊流向,可發覺資訊皆源自最根本的工程圖檔與合約,為使工程圖檔展現幾何面向以外的工程屬性,過去研究曾利用物件導向技術賦予圖檔物件相關工程資訊,並將影響施工排程因子納入考量,建立人工智慧規劃排程系統,用來整合估價與排程。但工程專案執行階段是以合約項目來管理,與以時間為基準之作業排程不能契合,導致規劃進度無法落實於工地施工管理。
    本研究利用物件導向概念,以合約項目面向解析工程圖檔,賦予3D圖形元件相關工程屬性,建立多維度之建築圖形元件庫(Multi-Dimensional Building Drawing Object, MD Object),並於專案多維度模型建構過程中,建立元件間之關連性,及參考設計結構矩陣(DSM)之概念,建立物件關係矩陣,利用基因演算法產生元件間之合理排序,配合其他相關排程因子如資源限制、分區規劃、施工方法、工作流程、工率等等,建立符合專案執行控管,以合約項目為基礎之規劃排程。本研究亦依據所建立之模式,開發一營建專案規劃排程系統(Project Planning and Scheduling System, PPSS)。
    此外,本研究以一建築專案之主體結構進行驗證,經由案例之應用與驗證結果顯示:(1)利用多維度圖形元件確實可以應用於專案規劃排程,並有效的整合排程相關資訊(2)利用PPSS確實可以有效控管施工進度並掌握專案資源需求與使用情況。因此,本研究提出之應用多維度圖形元件於專案規劃排程確實可以藉由工程圖檔的資訊來掌握工程進度與資源消耗。

    To efficiently and effectively manage projects in the construction phase, project managers have to transfer information within the drawings to obtain a project schedule. However, the resulting schedule usually is not effectively applied to the practical construction process since the construction process is performed according to the contract items in practice. Although object-oriented design model and AI planning systems have been applied to integrating information between scheduling activities and contract items, the relationships between activities and contract items is still undefined concretely.
    This research first applies object-oriented technology to combine contract items with drawings to define building components. Then, determining the generic attributes of each building component and the relationships among building components to create the Multi-Dimensional (MD) CAD objects. Referring to the concept of Design Structure Matrix (DSM), Object Relationship Matrix (ORM) is evaluated. Genetic algorithms are then used with ORM to generate the optimal sequence of constructing building components. Several constructive constraints, such as the resource limitation and the continuity of workflow, are also taken into consideration within the model development. And the Project Planning and Scheduling System (PPSS) is developed to enhance the practice of the proposed model.
    A case study which employs the PPSS to integrate project information of the main structure of residential building is presented in this thesis. From the result tested, the proposed MD Model and the PPSS are proved to be capable of efficiently integrating project information by applying MD Model, such as progress control and the requirement of resources.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 IX 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究範圍 4 1.4 研究方法與流程 5 1.5 研究內容與架構 6 第二章 研究問題陳述與文獻回顧 8 2.1 研究問題陳述 8 2.2 物件導向式設計模型 10 2.3 應用人工智慧發展規劃排程系統 12 2.3.1 影響排程因子 15 2.3.2 建立Product Model 17 2.3.3 資源定義 17 2.3.4 分區規劃 17 2.3.5 選擇施工方法 17 2.3.6 排程法則 18 2.4 4D建模與資訊整合 18 2.4.1 4D模式之應用 19 2.4.2 4D模式之缺點 19 2.5 專案排程與估價資訊之整合 20 2.6 物件導向設計軟體與排程軟體 20 2.6.1 物件導向設計建模 20 2.6.2 專案排程軟體 21 2.7 小結 22 第三章 研究相關理論介紹 24 3.1 物件導向技術 24 3.2 設計結構矩陣 26 3.3 基因演算法 27 3.3.1 基因演算法運作流程 28 3.3.2 染色體表示法 29 3.3.3 適存值函數與懲罰函數 29 3.3.4 初始母體 30 3.3.5 演化機制 30 3.4 IDEF流程分析方法 32 3.4.1 IDEF基本概念 32 3.4.2 IDEF0功能模式 33 3.5 資料庫管理系統 35 3.6小結 37 第四章 多維度物件導向排程規劃模式建構 39 4.1 專案多維度建物模型 39 4.1.1 多維度建物元件之定義與屬性解析 40 4.1.2 建物幾何面向元件解析 41 4.1.3 建物行為面向屬性解析 44 4.1.4 建物時間面向屬性解析 46 4.1.5 專案多維度模型之建構 47 4.2 物件實體關係 49 4.2.1 物件關係矩陣 49 4.2.2 物件相似度矩陣 51 4.3 基因演算法應用 52 4.3.1 染色體字串設計 52 4.3.2 適存值函數 53 4.3.3 演化機制 56 4.4 其他排程因子 59 4.5 時程規劃與進度管控方式 62 4.6 小結 64 第五章 專案規劃排程系統之建立與應用 65 5.1 專案規劃排程系統簡介 66 5.2 案例驗證 69 5.2.1 建構案例之多維度模型 70 5.2.2 應用PPSS系統於專案規劃排程與進度管控 73 5.3 小結 79 第六章 結論與建議 80 6.1結論 80 6.2未來研究方向與建議 81 參考文獻 84 附錄A 案例資源需求表 89 附錄B PPSS使用說明 90

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    3. 魏誥辰,應用多維度圖形元件於營建專案分包商資訊管理之研究,成功大學土木系碩士論文,民國94年
    4. 王友亮,應用多維度圖形元件於工程專案排程之研究,成功大學土木系碩士論文,民國94年
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