香楠（Machilus zuihoensis Hayata）為樟科中的臺灣特有種植物，其專一的癭蚋科（Cecidomyiidae）造癭昆蟲亦為臺灣特有。本研究針對香楠葉部的四種被覆型蟲癭（covering gall）：長壺狀蟲癭、短壺狀蟲癭、倒卵狀蟲癭及鼠狀蟲癭，做形態的觀察與比較。利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察蟲癭及葉片的表層組織，光學顯微鏡鏡檢蟲癭及葉片的石蠟和塑膠切片，觀察蟲癭的構造及比較蟲癭壁組織化學反應的差異，再使用穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察營養細胞和真菌細胞的超微結構。重要結果如下：（一）四型被覆癭及葉兩面的表層組織，不論在蠟質形態、表皮細胞大小、氣孔及茸毛的有無，皆有極大的差異性。（二）由蟲癭壁的構造和組織化學反應的結果，得知長壺狀和短壺狀蟲癭形態相似，但可用表皮細胞大小及厚壁組織層有無結晶加以區別；倒卵狀蟲癭的厚壁組織層只分布到蟲癭壁前段、皮層的薄壁細胞具大量澱粉粒；鼠狀蟲癭是惟一表層有茸毛構造的類型。（三）一般來說，蟲癭的營養細胞有四個特徵：分散的小液泡、豐富的胞器種類、緻密的細胞質、脹大的細胞核和核仁，我們觀察到臺灣的營養癭之營養細胞只具前兩項特徵，顯示營養癭和典型具營養層的癭蚋蟲癭之營養細胞特性不相同。未來可將臺灣與國外的Asphondyliini族癭蚋進行親緣演化樹的分析，以及更深入地探討營養癭中造癭者、蟲癭及真菌三者間的關係。

The specific gall-inducers gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have been found on Machilus zuihoensis Hayata (Lauraceae), the endemic plant in Taiwan. This study is aimed to compare the morphology of four types of covering galls on M. zuihoensis leaves, including urn-shaped gall, small urn-shaped gall, obovate gall and hairy oblong gall. The surface and inner structures of galls and leaves were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM), respectively. The histochemical characteristics of the walls of four galls were compared under LM. Moreover, the ultrastructures of the nutritive cells and the fungal cells lined in gall chambers were distinguished by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that, 1) the epidermis structures of these four covering galls and abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces are significantly different in wax morphology, epidermal cell shape, and the existence of stomata and trichomes; 2) it is similar in the structure and histochemical traits found between urn-shaped gall and small urn-shaped gall, but can be distinguished by the size of epidermal cell and the existence of calcium oxalate in sclereid layer. Due to the range of sclereid layer and with a great amount of starch grains in cortex, the obovate-shaped gall can be distinguished from the others. Furthermore, the hairy oblong gall is the only one with trichomes; 3) nutritive cells generally have four traits: fragmented vacuole, abundant cytoplasmic organelles, dense cytoplasm, and hypertrophic nucleus and nucleolus. But we discovered only two former traits of nutritive cells of ambrosial gall in Taiwan that showed the differences between the typical one. The interactions among plant, gall midge and fungi in ambrosia galls should be clarified further. More investigations are needed to understand the relationships of this three-component system.

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