簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 鄭凱宇
Cheng, Kai-Yu
論文名稱: 雷射披覆/燒結合成法之表面張力與孔隙現象研究
Study of the surface tension and porosity phenomena in laser cladding/sintering hybrid method
指導教授: 林震銘
Lin, Jehn-ming
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 122
中文關鍵詞: 孔隙率雷射燒結雷射披覆
外文關鍵詞: Laser cladding, Porosity, Laser sintering
相關次數: 點閱:110下載:6
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究結合雷射披覆法與選擇性雷射燒結法形成新的合成加工方法,探討加工參數對雷射燒結和雷射披覆孔隙率的影響。
    在實驗上,第一部分運用選擇性雷射燒結的方式進行多孔性薄件製作,以熱感式拓印法探討雷射功率和雷射掃描速度對燒結件孔隙率的影響,第二部分運用雷射披覆法燒結件進行後續的堆疊加工,探討結合雷射披覆法與雷射選擇性燒結法的可行性,並分析雷射功率對披覆後的試件之孔隙率。在數值分析方面,以自行編寫數值分析程式,分析雷射披覆過程中因粉末溫度產生的表面能差異對孔隙率的影響,比較計算與實驗量測結果,發現具有一致性。
    本研究旨在證明結合雷射披覆法與選擇性雷射燒結法加工的可行性,文中說明雷射功率引發的表面能差異將對披覆試件孔隙率造成影響,所得之實驗及數值分析結果可為後續研究之基礎。

    The aim of this study is to combine the laser cladding and selective laser sintering techniques to form a new hybrid method, and investigates the effects of porosity of the forming parts numerically and experimentally.
    In the experiment, the selective laser sintering technique has been applied to produce thin layers, and the surface porosity with various laser powers and scanning speeds has been characterized by thermal imprint method. Furthermore the laser cladding technique has been applied to build up the bulk clad on the thin layers and the surface porosity was also inspected.
    In the numerical analysis, a computation model was developed to analyze the porosity based on the surface tension and energy of cladding powders at various temperatures. The results show a good agreement between the numerical analysis and the experimental measurement.
    This novel method provides the feasibility for forming thin metal parts, and the structure properties may be improved for the porous parts directly formed by selective laser sintering.

    摘要………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ Abstract…………………………………………………………… Ⅱ 誌謝………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ 目錄………………………………………………………………… Ⅳ 表目錄……………………………………………………………… Ⅷ 圖目錄……………………………………………………………… X 符號說明…………………………………………………………… XⅣ 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………… 1 1-1 研究背景與目的…………………………………………… 1 1-2 文獻回顧 ………………………………………………… 4 1-2.1 雷射披覆流場、溫度場分析…………………………… 4 1-2.2 表面張力對雷射披覆影響性………………………… 5 1-2.3 選擇性雷射燒結孔隙率探討…………………………… 6 1-2.4 選擇性雷射燒結頸部成長模擬……………………… 6 1-3 本文架構…………………………………………………… 7 第二章 製程原理……………………………………………… 8 2-1 表面張力理論……………………………………………… 8 2-1.1 表面張力定義………………………………………… 8 2-1.2 溫度對表面張力的影響……………………………… 11 2-2 雷射披覆製程機制………………………………………… 13 2-2.1 加工參數的影響……………………………………… 14 2-2.2披覆品質……………………………………………… 15 2-3 雷射燒結理論……………………………………………… 17 2-3.1液相燒結理論…………………………………………… 18 2-3.1.1 影響液相燒結之因素……………………………… 18 2-3.1.2 液相燒結過程……………………………………… 20 第三章 數值分析……………………………………………… 24 3-1雷射披覆之孔隙率分析……………………………………… 24 3-1.1 粉末披覆物理模型……………………………………… 25 3-1.2 基本假設………………………………………………… 26 3-1.3 計算方程式……………………………………………… 27 3-1.4 計算流程………………………………………………… 32 3-2 模擬結果…………………………………………………… 34 3-2.1 不同粉末溫度對孔隙率的影響…………………………… 34 3-2.2 不同粉末尺寸對孔隙率的影響………………………… 40 3-3 結果與討論………………………………………………… 51 第四章 實驗…………………………………………………… 53 4-1 孔隙率量測實驗…………………………………………… 53 4-1.1 孔隙率的量測方法介紹………………………………… 53 4-1.2 孔隙率量測方法的比較………………………………… 56 4-1.3 熱感式拓印法…………………………………………… 58 4-1.4 熱感式拓印法實驗與驗證……………………………… 59 4-1.4.1 OPTIMAS軟體驗證……………………………………… 59 4-1.4.2 驗證用特徵物………………………………………… 60 4-1.4.3 拓印結果的分析與討論……………………………… 61 4-2 雷射燒結實驗……………………………………………… 64 4-2.1 實驗設備與配置………………………………………… 64 4-2.2 實驗方法與實驗條件…………………………………… 67 4-2.3 實驗結果與討論………………………………………… 68 4-2.3.1孔隙率與雷射功率的關係…………………………… 74 4-2.3.2孔隙率與掃描速度的關係…………………………… 76 4-2.4 燒結實驗結論…………………………………………… 78 4-3 雷射披覆實驗……………………………………………… 79 4-3.1 實驗設備………………………………………………… 79 4-3.2 實驗流程與參數………………………………………… 81 4-3.3 實驗結果與討論………………………………………… 84 4-3.3.1孔隙率與雷射功率的關係…………………………… 89 4-3.4 數值分析結果與實驗結果之比較……………………… 93 4-4 結果與討論………………………………………………… 94 第五章 綜合討論與建議……………………………………… 95 5-1 綜合討論…………………………………………………… 95 5-2 相關建議與未來發展……………………………………… 98 參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 100 附錄A ……………………………………………………………… 103 附錄B ……………………………………………………………… 109 附錄C……………………………………………………………… 113 自述………………………………………………………………… 122

    [1]J. Laeng, J. G. Stewart, F. W. Liou, “Laser metal forming processes for rapid prototyping : a review”, International Journal of Production Research, VOL. 38, NO. 16, 3973-3996, 2000
    [2]W. M. Steen, “Laser material processing”, 2nd ed., Springer Verlag, 1998
    [3]V.M. Weerasinghe, W.M. Steen, “Laser cladding with pneumatic powder delivery”, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Applied Laser Tooling, 183-211, 1987
    [4]J. P. Kruth, X. Wang, T. Laoui, L. Froyen, “Laser and materials in selective laser sintering”, laser Assisted Net Shape Engineering 3, 2001
    [5]V. K. Pustovalov and D. S. Bobuchenko, “Thermal processes in gas-powder laser cladding of metal materials, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer”, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 2449-2456, 1993.
    [6]M. Picasso, C. F. Marsden, J. D. Wagniere, A. Frenk, M. Rappz, “A simple but realistic model for laser cladding”, Metall. Trans.B, Vol. 25B, pp. 281-291, 1994
    [7]J. Lin, “Temperature analysis of powder streams in coaxial laser cladding”, Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 31, pp.565-570, 1999.
    [8]張金龍, 龔袁正,表面張力流對雷射鍍層影響之數值模擬分析, 國立屏東科技大學車輛工程系碩士學位論文,2005
    [9]C. Lalas, K. Tsirbas, K. Salonitis, G. Chryssolouris, “An analytical model of the laser clad geometry”, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 2006
    [10]A.V. Gusarov, I. Smurov, “Direct laser manufacturing with coaxial powder injection: Modelling of structure of deposited layers”, Applied Surface Science, 253, 2007
    [11]S.Kra ̈upl , P. Hoffmann, “New developments for laser sintering of metallic powders”, Laser Assisted Net Shape Engineering 2, 1997
    [12]K. Maeda, T.H.C. Childs, “Laser sintering (SLS) of hard metal powders for abrasion resistant coatings”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004
    [13]X. C. Wang, T. Laoui, J. Bonse, J. P. Kruth, B. Lauwers and L. Froyen, “Direct selective laser sintering of hard metal powders: experimental study and simulation”, Int J Adv Manuf Technol ,2002
    [14]H. Pan, S. H. Ko, C. P. Grigoropoulos, “The neck growth mechanisms in low energy laser sintering of Gold nanoparticles – A molecular dynamics simulation study”, Proc. Of SPIE Vol. 6458, 64581J, 2007
    [15]A. W. Adamson “Physical chemistry of surfaces”, Wiley Interscience, 1996
    [16]J. Szekely, “Fluid flow phenomena in metals processing”, New York :Academic Press,1979
    [17]陶雨台編譯,表面物理化學, 千華文化集團,1988
    [18]M. M. Schwartz, “Brazing:for the engineering technologist”, American Welding Society, Chapman & Hall,1995.
    [19]R. A. Lindberg, and, N. R. Braton, “Welding and other joining processes”, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1976
    [20]Y. Su, Z. Li, K. C. Mills, “Equation to estimate the surface tensions of stainless steels”, Journal of Materials Science ,40 , 2005
    [21]S. Hartland , “Surface and interfacial tension measurement, Theory, and Applications” , Marcel Dekker, 2004
    [22]F. Liou, K. Slattery, M. Kinsella, “Applications of a hybrid Manufacturing Process for Fabrication of Metallic Structures”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, v 13, n 4, p 236-244, 2007
    [23]張書碩,鈷基合金雷射包覆製程之衝擊磨耗特性研究, 國立臺灣大學材料科學與工程學碩士學位論文,2003
    [24]C.A. Lin, M.J. Humphries, D.W. Mason, “Effect of Laser Processing Parameters on the Formation and Properties of a Stellite Hardfacing Coating”, Thin Solid Films, Vol.107, pp.251-257, 1983
    [25]I. Van. Sprang , “The use of models for the determination of the machining parameters of laser hardening and laser cladding”, S.N., 1992
    [26]R. M. German, “Sintering theory and practice”, Wiley Interscience, 1996
    [27]馮慶芬 ,粉末冶金學,新文京開發出版有限公司, 2002
    [28]徐仁輝 ,粉末冶金概論,新文京開發出版有限公司, 2002
    [29]黃坤祥 ,粉末冶金學 (再版),中華民國粉末冶金協會, 2003
    [30]M. Pasandideh-Fard, R. Bhola, S. Chandra, J. Mostaghimi, “Deposition of tin droplets on a steel plate : simulations and experiments”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 41,2929-2945, 1998
    [31]D. Peckner, I. M. Bernstein, “Handbook of Stainless steels”, McGraw Hill, 1997
    [32]H. Y. Yu, D. B. Sun, J. B. Huang, D.J. Yang, “Technique and properties of sealing treatment on the electroless Ni-P alloy coatings”, Gongneng Cailiao/Journal of Functional Materials, v 32, n 3,262-268, 2001
    [33]J. h. Li , Y. W. Tian a, Z. Huang, X. Zhang , “Studies of the porosity in electroless Nickel deposits on magnesium alloy”, Applied Surface Science, v 252, n 8, 2839-2846, 2006
    [34]劉昶熠,雷射披覆之溫度分析, 國立成功大學機械工程學系碩士論文, 2001.

    下載圖示 校內:2019-07-28公開
    校外:2019-07-28公開
    QR CODE