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研究生：	李豎筵 Li, Shu-Yan
論文名稱：	城市綠地土壤理化性質與微生物群落對草本覆蓋梯度及復植之響應 Soil physicochemical properties and microbial community responses to herbaceous cover gradients and revegetation in urban green spaces
指導教授：	黃兆立 Huang, Chao-Li
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	生物科學與科技學院 - 熱帶植物與微生物科學研究所 Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology
論文出版年：	2026
畢業學年度：	114
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	117
中文關鍵詞：	都市綠地、自然解方、草本復植、總體基因體組裝基因體、結構方程模型、氮循環
外文關鍵詞：	Urban Green Spaces, Nature-based Solutions, Herbaceous Revegetation, Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs), Structural Equation Modeling, Nitrogen Cycle
相關次數：	點閱：47 下載：3
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本研究探討都市綠地（Urban Green Spaces, UGS）的草本綠覆率梯度與基於自然解方（Nature-based Solutions, NbS）的植被復育策略，如何共同驅動土壤理化性質與地下微生物群落的演替。廣域調查結果顯示，都市綠地的土壤普遍面臨嚴重的砂質化限制與結構劣化。隨著綠覆率降低，受損裸露地的表土受營建殘留物風化的影響，導致鹼土金屬蓄積；同時，因缺乏植物根系的吸收與截留作用，造成速效氮大量流失，進而使表土的穩定同位素（如δ15N）比值顯著升高並產生重同位素富集現象。在極端環境的壓力下，微環境內特定微生物的相對豐度大幅下降，地下群落轉由具備抗逆境特性的放線菌門（Actinomycetota）占據優勢，且此時的群落組裝（Community assembly）主要受隨機過程（Stochastic processes）支配，結構呈現高度不穩定性。為復育此劣化土壤，本試驗引入玉龍草單植與複合豆科混植處理，並配合落葉留置策略。結果證實，先驅植被的建立能有效提升表土持水能力，並降低隨機過程對微生物群落組裝的影響，轉由植物根際主導的環境篩選（Environmental filtering）接手。此機制進一步驅使微生物的分類組成與功能表現，朝向原生高綠覆的基準樣區發生決定性演替（Deterministic succession）。透過結構方程模型與總體基因體分箱（Metagenomic binning）所得之微生基因體（MAGs）資訊進行深入分析，結果表明植被重建主要透過改變土壤 pH 值與有效態硝酸根（NO3-）含量，發揮關鍵的間接改善作用。密集發育的細根網絡對速效氮產生強烈的吸收競爭，改變了地下部的養分環境，進而富集以富營養型（Copiotrophic）假單胞菌門（Pseudomonadota）為主導的核心微生物組，並顯著擴張參與氨氧化與反硝化作用等關鍵步驟的功能基因群（Functional gene repertoire）。綜上所述，本研究從分子生態學觀點指出，NbS策略有助於減緩都市劣化土壤的速效養分流失，並促進氮循環相關微生物群落的功能恢復，為都市綠地的生態管理與復育提供具體的實證基礎。

This study investigated how surface herbaceous green coverage gradients and nature-based solutions (NbS) through revegetation drive belowground soil properties, soluble ion pools, and microbial community succession in urban green spaces (UGS). A wide-area survey showed that UGS substrates face severe sandy texture constraints and structural degradation. Along a declining vegetation gradient, bare soils exposed to concrete masonry weathering exhibit alkaline earth metal accumulation and elevated topsoil pH. Due to the lack of root assimilation, topsoil δ15N showed significant positive enrichment, indicating an open, high-loss soil nitrogen cycle. Under severe physical and chemical filtering, unique niche-specialized microorganisms were eliminated. Belowground community structures distinctly separated, being absolutely monopolized by oligotrophic Actinomycetota, primarily Thermoleophilia, adapted to resource deficits under stochastic drift. An in situ controlled ecological restoration experiment was established on the most degraded bare site to evaluate single planting (Ophiopogon japonicus) and mixed legume planting under litter retention. Vegetation treatments significantly elevated soil gravimetric water content, relieving initial water stress and triggering a surge in functional α-diversity. In the NMDS topological ordination space, microbial community trajectories broke away from stochastic drift and shifted deterministically toward the native healthy baseline. Structural equation modeling and metagenome-assembled genome analyses demonstrated that this vegetation-mediated restoration was predominantly governed by the indirect effects of two major abiotic filters: soil pH and available nitrate. Densely developed fine root systems exerted robust assimilatory capture, significantly depleting soluble nitrate compared to the bare control. The reconstruction of this chemical resource barrier acted as a deterministic force, selectively enriching specific core clusters dominated by rhizosphere Pseudomonadota. This process effectively relieved metabolic streamlining stresses that demand survival defense enzymes like thymidylate synthase (thyA/TYMS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR/folA) commonly found in the degraded control. Furthermore, these plant-enriched clusters exhibited significant expansion in functional genes governing ammonia oxidation (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS, nosZ). At the microscopic molecular level, this study validated the capacity of NbS to redirect degraded urban ecosystems from open, high-loss regimes toward tightly coupled, closed biogeochemical cycling.

摘要 I
EXTENDED ABSTRACT II
INTRODUCTION IV
MATERIALS AND METHODS IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION V
CONCLUSION VII
致謝 VIII
目錄 X
表目錄 XIV
圖目錄 XV
前言 1
1.1 都市環境挑戰與基於自然的解決方案 1
1.2 草本植被在城市綠地中的角色：生理特性與微氣候調節機制 1
1.3 植被覆蓋與土壤物化性質的關聯：根際過程與結構演變 3
1.4 土壤微生物群落對植被變化的響應：多樣性、功能演替與反饋機制 4
1.4.1 植被碳源輸入與根際微環境的棲地構建 4
1.4.2 微生物群落結構的選擇性演替與分類組成重構 4
1.4.3 碳氮循環功能群的功能性優化與生態系統回饋 5
1.5 研究動機與假設 6
1.5.1 城市綠地管理中的科學缺口與研究動機 6
1.5.2 研究目的之多維度解析 6
1.5.3 基於機制驅動的科學假設 7
Hypothesis 1：植被驅動地下碳氮蓄積與同位素比例改變 7
Hypothesis 2：植被增長能增加地下微棲地的多樣性，為微生物創造全新生態位 8
Hypothesis 3：植物透過改變土壤物化性質重塑地下氮循環功能基因體組成 8
第貳章 材料與方法 9
2.1 試驗區規畫與管理 9
2.1.1 場域背景與空間幾何邊界 9
2.1.2 物理微氣候逆境診斷 9
2.1.3 試驗樣區確立與現地維管模式修正 9
2.2 實驗設計 10
2.2.1 第一階段：綠覆梯度下土壤生態基質與微氣候性質之診斷 10
2.2.2 第二階段：退化綠地之植被介入與修復試驗 10
2.3 土壤物化性質 12
2.3.1 土壤前處理 12
2.3.2 土壤物理性質測定 12
2.3.3 土壤化學性質測定 12
pH 與電導度測定(EC) 12
土壤陰離子與陽離子交換容量測定 13
土壤總碳、總氮與碳氮穩定同位素分析 13
2.4 微生物相之總體基因體學技術與生物資訊分析 13
2.4.1 樣本預處理與總體基因體DNA萃取質控 14
2.4.2 16S rRNA標靶片段PCR擴增與高通量定序 14
2.4.3 廣域核心微生物組鎖定與UpSet集合網路拓撲結構分析 15
2.4.4 擴增子生物資訊分析與PICRUSt2功能預測 15
2.4.5 霰彈槍總體基因體定序、重疊群組裝與高品質草圖建構 16
2.4.6 群落組成與多維度空間α與β-多樣性分析 17
2.4.7 氮循環關鍵功能基因之群落潛在豐度評估 17
2.4.8 植被干預響應物種檢定與差異多樣性篩選 18
2.5 資料分析 18
2.5.1 單變數理化屬性之差異性檢定與事後多重比較 18
2.5.2 特異性功能基因群組之統計學富集與因果路徑分析 19
第參章 結果 20
3.1 全校域廣域環境盤點與地下群落特徵 20
3.1.1 全校域地表綠覆率之空間梯度分佈與微氣候結構解析 20
3.1.2 土壤粒徑分布與質地分類特徵 20
3.1.3 環境基質之物化性質與離子譜特徵 21
土壤水分、pH值與電導度 (EC) 21
可溶性陰陽離子之空間變異 22
土壤碳氮計量比與穩定同位素特徵 22
3.1.4 廣域尺度地下細菌群落結構與多樣性演替 24
全校域細菌群落與α-多樣性之空間分布 24
基於UpSet網路之全校域核心菌群解析 24
全校域β-多樣性降維排序與空間過濾分群 24
全校域初始優勢菌門與菌綱之分類學組成 25
3.1.5 基於16S定序之預測功能群組與代謝途徑 26
根據物種組成之群落UPGMA群聚分群與相對豐度趨勢 26
預測潛在代謝途徑之差異豐度與效應量變動 27
預測功能標記與專一性酵素之差異表現 28
地下微生物群聚之核心功能特徵歸納 29
3.1.6 結構方程模型(SEM)多維因果路徑分析 30
土壤化學養分與有效性氮源之驅動路徑 30
微生物群落結構與多樣性之環境篩選機制 31
3.2 地被復植試驗之響應 31
3.2.1 地被復植試驗下之土壤理化與離子動態 31
復植後土壤水分與化學緩衝能力響應 31
復植後可溶性養分鹽類與離子庫重構 32
3.2.2 地下微生物群落之分類學組成與多樣性演替 33
復植試驗之MAGs功能α-多樣性動態 33
植被修復處理下微生物群落之β-多樣性定向演替 34
核心土壤微生物MAGs的決定性環境篩選壓力與功能群組擴張 34
3.2.3 地被修復下環境因子與核心菌群之連動網絡解析 35
第肆章 討論 37
4.1 草本綠覆率對土壤碳氮累積與同位素比例變化的調控機制 37
4.2 地下群落的驅動機制：由環境篩選轉向根際微環境活化 39
4.3 結構方程模型分析：環境因子如何間接主導微生物群落結構的轉變 40
4.4 核心微生物群落之功能富集與地下氮循環分子機制 41
第伍章 結論與未來展望 43
5.1 研究核心發現與地下生態機制之總結 43
5.2 未來展望與應用價值 43
第陸章 參考文獻 45
表附錄 93
圖附錄 94
                                    

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