鐵路軌道於列車行駛作用下所引發之振動反應，為造成軌道幾何改變與結構破壞之主因。為了瞭解列車所導致軌道破壞之影響，我們有必要發展適當模型以預測車輛/軌道之交互作用行為。本文以有限元素模型模擬垂向車輛/軌道動態系統，本模型中包括八分之一車輛模型、三層道碴軌道模型及線性的輪/軌接觸假設。藉由本研究模型，車輛與軌道系統中所有構件之力、變位、速度及加速度皆可求得。

　　本研究發現，以三層離散道碴模型作分析，軌道基本動態歷時反應均較單層連續模型為大，顯示以本模型將不致高估軌道系統之穩定性。此外，本研究還探討了軌下路基土壤、道碴及支承墊各層之參數。路基土壤強度對道碴軌道表面變位有相當大之影響，軟弱路基將會造成過大之變位應加以強化；道碴參數方面，加大密度及降低彈性模數對抑制軌道振動反應皆有正面之助益，實際上則可藉由加厚道碴層厚度而得到相同之成效；支承墊勁度的下降，對於減小道床振動加速度反應亦有明顯之效果。

　　The alignment problem and structural deterioration of railway track are mainly caused by impacts and vibrations by moving trains. In order to learn the effects of train-induced track deterioration, it is necessary to develop an appropriate model to predict vehicle/track interaction. A finite element model simulating vehicle/track dynamic system in the vertical direction is proposed in this research. This model consists of a 1/8 vehicle model, a ballast track with three layers, and a linear wheel/rail contact assumption. By using this model, time histories of forces, displacement, velocities and accelerations of all components of the vehicle and track can be obtained.

　　The analysis discovered that the three-layer model predicts higher dynamic responses than the one-layer model does. The effects of the track model were also discussed. It was found that foundation stiffness is important to track deflections since weak foundation resulted in excess deflection. In the aspect of ballast parameters, high material density and low elastic modulus are effective in reducing track vibration. By reducing stiffness of rail pad, the ballast vibration can also be reduced.

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