河川流量及地下水儲存量為人們賴以維生的主要可用淡水資源，本研究探討台灣南部流域河川消退特徵及屏東平原地下水儲存量，期能作為台灣水資源管理參考。首先在流域消退特徵方面，本研究參考Brutsaert(2008)低流消退分析模式，制定低流穩定期及常態狀況消退片段篩選模式，參數化台灣南部流域河川的消退曲線，以特徵化流域之河川流量與基流量消退特徵，參數化結果顯示，流域單一消退事件難以描述流域整體消退特徵，並且在台灣南部各流域之消退時間指數空間分佈情形中，三地門流量站有較特殊的流量消退特徵；總體而言，河川流量相較於基流量有較低的消退時間指數，並且流域之低流穩定期消退期間，消退時間指數較流域之常態狀況來得高。
在地下水儲存量方面，台灣南部各主要流域中，以屏東平原流量站及雨量站資料較充足、集水區範圍寬廣，因此針對屏東平原進行地下水儲存量探討。本研究考量枯水期之地下水殘存體積，利用基流量歷線推估週期性地下水儲存量，以建立水文週期概念模式，並藉由概念模式之累計線形量化結果，探討高屏溪流域各集水區地下水儲存量與降雨量之間的週期性變動情形，以及趨勢變化特徵。透過降雨強度進行基礎基流量進行量化分隔，量化結果顯示，在降雨事件停止後，基礎基流量之體積隨著時間增長而減少，且隨著單日降雨強度增高，對於基礎基流量之貢獻比例減少。

關鍵詞：河川流量、基流量、消退特徵、地下水儲存量。

SUMMARY

According to the fact that streamflow and groundwater storage are mainly obtainable freshwater resources which human cannot live without, this research looks into the recession characteristics of the southern Taiwan and the groundwater storage of Pingtung Plain, hoping to provide as a reference to the freshwater resources management in Taiwan.
In terms of the recession characteristics, this research takes the low flow analysis model by Brutsaert (2008) as reference, aims to formulate a flitering process for low flow steady period model and normal condition model, to parameterize the recession curve of river basins in southern Taiwan, and finally to characteristize the recession state of the streamflow and baseflow. Based on the parameterized results, two assumptions can be made. Firstly, a single incident occurring in the river basin can hardly display the recession characteristics. Secondly, among all the researching area, the most special recession characteristics occurs in San-Ti-Men flow station. Generally speaking, recession index in streamflow is lower than the one in the baseflow, and the time exponential during the low flow steady period model is higher than the one during the normal condition model.
In terms of the groundwater storage, we choose the most sufficient data from the rain stations as well as the streamflow stations in Pingtung Plain in southern Taiwan to evaluate the remaining volume of the groundwater during the low flow period. A hydrologically period conceptual model is established to estimate the groundwater storage periodically according the baseflow hydrpgraph. Based on the above concept, the statistically cumulative and quantified results can be obtained including the periodically changing situations and the changing characteristics of the trend between the groundwater storage and the rainfall in each catchment of Gaoping River. When quantized and divided by various levels of rainfall intensity and the basic baseflow, the results show that, after the rain, the volume of the basic baseflow decreases as time passes by. The proportion providing to the basic baseflow decreases when the single day rainfall intensity goes higher.
Key words: streamflow, base-flow, recession characteristics, groundwater storage

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