摘 要
加工出口區從民國55年設立至今將屆滿40年，為具自由貿易區與工業區的綜合體。在新國際分工的背景下，主要以政府租稅優惠和廉價勞力吸引外資對台投資。之後經歷全球經濟和產業結構的變遷下，加工出口區由過去的聚集經濟型態轉變成群聚的產業區。楠梓加工出口區所形成的IC封測業群聚則在台灣的IC產業發展中，具有舉足輕重的地位，並且與向來以高科技產業群聚著名的竹科具有緊密的網絡關係。
而群聚研究的興起，主要來自Porter在1990年所提出的產業群聚概念後，吸引了學術界及決策者的重視，許多政治決策者希望透過群聚的效應帶動國家的競爭力。但後進學者對於Porter群聚在創新上的解釋提出不同的解釋，除了認為群聚是很難在地理空間上判斷出界線的之外，亦不完全認同Porter對於地方性群聚在創新優勢上的創造。
許多研究(Simmie,2004; Romijn and Albu,2001 etc.)指出，促進群聚產生競爭力主要在於廠商的創新活動，但廠商的創新活動主要來自國際的網絡關係而非地方性群聚，研究群聚的學者應該更重視廠商的網絡關係，尤其是國際的網絡關係。
本研究在這樣的研究背景下，探討楠梓加工出口區形成IC封測群聚的因素，以及群聚廠商的網絡關係。對於楠梓加工出口區IC封測群聚現象的探討中，本研究最後發現：
1.IC封測業形成群聚的原因中，主要來自於IC封測大廠的對於相關聯產業的吸引。
2.群聚的IC封測廠商高度的認同群聚所形成的地理鄰近性優勢。
3.對於廠商的產業網絡而言，國際網絡並不比地方性網絡的重要性低。
4.廠商的創新優勢並非來主要來自於地方，與國際的聯結是很重要的。
5.楠梓加工出口區內的IC封測業群聚乃是以日月光為領導廠商的網絡型態，並且與相關廠商形成相互依賴的關係。

Abstract
EPZ was established for 40 years from 1966.Under the background of NIDL, EPZs attracted foreign investment by preferential tax and cheap labour. Nevertheless, EPZs have transformed from agglomerate districts to clustering districts during the time of globalization. NEPZ is especially famous for it’s IC assembling and testing industry. It plays an important role during the economic growth in Taiwan, and has highly connections with Hsinchu Science Park which is famous for high technological cluster.
The meteoric rise of Michael Porter’s cluster concept has taken policy-makers if not academics by storm in 1990. Government and regional policy-makers in many parts of the world have been beguiled by the possibilities promised for improving the competitiveness of their national and regional economies. Where Porter’s concept of clusters is used to describe mainly localized economic interactions, it is not therefore likely to contribute much to an understanding of the relationships between innovation and Industrial networks. The vagueness of his analysis of the geography of clusters is also highlighted.
Evidence from previous studies(Simmie,2004; Romijn and Albu,2001 etc.) is used to suggest that national and international linkages and networks are just as significant as their local counterparts .It suggestes that the scholars studying cluster concepts should take more efforts on international linkages .
As a result,there are several evidences from the study which are as follows:
1.The main reason of NEPZ cluster comes from the attractions of leader firms which attract other linkaged firms.
2.In the cluster,the IC assembling and testing firms highly agree with geographical strengthes of cluster concepts.
3.In point of the industrial networks,the importances of internationall networks and linkages are important even more than localized networks.
4.The evidences of the contribution of clustering to innovation are shown to benefit from national and international linkages and collaborations.
5.NEPZ’s clustering structure is a network in which ASE is the leader firm and it has formed interdependence with other linkaged firms inNEPZ.

圖 目 錄
圖1-2-1：研究流程圖 5
圖1-3-1：楠梓加工出口區位置圖 7
圖1-3-2：IC產品流程圖 8
圖2-2-1：產業群聚中有效的網絡架構 33
圖2-2-2：群聚所提供的競爭優勢 37
圖3-1-1：產業群聚生命週期 47
圖3-1-2：2005年IC產業空間分佈圖 51
圖3-1-3：IC產業歷年家數比例圖 52
圖3-3-1：2002-2005年廠商入區投資原因 58
圖3-3-2：2002-2005年加工出口區廠商投增資金額的產品分布 58
圖3-3-3：國際半導體大廠於中國市場的佈局情況 63
圖4-1-1：整體研究架構圖 67
圖4-2-1：確定研究對象之篩選程式 73
圖4-2-2：IC半導體後段製程流程圖&問卷樣本對照 73
圖5-1-1：樣本廠商設廠年期暨資金組合圖 85
圖5-3-1：楠梓加工出口區IC封測業群聚之網絡架構圖 107