本研究製作出可應用於樣品預濃縮的奈微米晶片利用微機電技術，並使用陽離子選擇性膜(Nafion)代替奈米管道。Nafion是使用圖形技術打印在玻璃結構上並靠近在微米和奈米的界面處，並結合在聚二甲基矽氧烷管道上。當施加電場於微流體晶片時，由於陽離子選擇性膜內孔徑的電雙層重疊現象，使得陽離子選擇性膜內形成離子選擇之特性。此特性造成奈米通道內存在正離子與負離子的通量差異，導致在微奈米管道介面形成濃度極化之效應，在離子交換膜附近濃度梯度的發生。
在本研究中主要探討為兩部分，第一部分是在許多的設備裝置上生化或是生物分子的檢測，像是醫療檢測，遺傳檢測，藥物發現等等，快速混合是必須的。但卻沒考慮到這項混合裝置不能適用於在生醫生物分子上做檢測。因此將會利用螢光黃(負電荷) ，若丹明6G(正電荷)和若丹明B(電中性)來證明此裝置中只能使電中性的分子做混合，帶電荷的分子則是無法適用。在管道方面，討論幾何因素對樣品預濃縮的影響，透過直通管道和漸縮管道同時進行樣品聚集。漸縮管道是在微米通道的中間，將原本管道的寬度縮小了一半，利用不同流速的影響，使樣品可以集中在較小的區域。因此，在這縮小的區域，在這縮小的單位面積裡熒光濃度會增加。
第二部分是透過直通管道和漸縮管道同時進行樣品聚集、分離和導引。將多種樣品同時預濃縮與分離(包含螢光粒子、牛血清白蛋白和四甲基若丹明異硫氰酸鹽)，並檢測臨床相關樣品，例如C反應蛋白。在漸縮管道中設計閥門使單一種樣品分離到單一通道儲存槽中。電泳是在微流道中施加電壓使電解液內帶電分子移到毛細管相反電荷的一端，因不同分子的大小對電荷不同，以不同速率在管中移動，達到分離效果。利用兩種樣品所產生之電泳力的差異達到分離效果。此方式能在樣品預濃縮時觀測濃度判定外，也能收集於儲存槽中，方便取出做後續的檢測應用。在一般情況下，證實了可行性並根據低免疫測定或各種多品種的樣本檢測裝置濃度的生化和生物醫學領域。因此，該新型裝置可以改善傳統的醫療設施檢測極限。

In this study, we demonstrate production of a microfluidic chip through a micro-electromechanical technique and, by use of cation selective membrane (Nafion) instead of a nanochannel. The Nafion is printed on a glass substrate near the micro-and nano-junction using patterning techniques, and bonded onto a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel. By applying an electric field to the microfluid chip, the nano-passage inside Nafion has the electric double layer overlapping to yield the Nafion becomes ion selective. The ion-selective membrane has a flux difference of cation and anion, resulting in a concentration polarization phenomenon at the micro and nano interface. The concentration polarization results in concentration gradient near the membrane.
In the first part of this thesis, fast mixing is necessary for biochemical or biomolecular detection, such as medical detection, genetic detection, and drug discovery on many equipments. However, such a mixing device could not be used for detection of biomolecules. Therefore, this study used fluorescein (negative charge), rhodamine 6G (positive charge), and rhodamine B (electrically neutral) to prove that the device only mixes electroneutral molecules, and it is inapplicable of charging molecules. We will discuss how geometric factors influence preconcentration through a straight microchannel and a convergent microchannel. A convergent channel is in the middle of a channel and narrows the width, so that the sample can be concentrated in smaller areas by the impact of different flow rates. As a result, the fluorescence concentration increases in this reduced unit area.

The second part of this thesis focuses on proposes a microfluidic device consisting of a straight microchannel and a single convergent microchannel and a Nafion-nanomembrane for the simultaneous concentration, separation and guidance of mixed biomedical samples. The feasibility of the device is demonstrated by performing CRP detection tests using various sample concentrations and separating a mixed sample consisting of negatively-charged bovine serum albumin (BSA), tetramethylrhodamine(TAMRA) and fluorescent polymer beads. In addition, we add magnet valve for controlling the flow of fluids in microfluidic channels. Since different ions have different charge-to-mass rations they can be separated due to differences in their electrophoretic mobilities. Analytes can be separated according to ionic mobility. In general, the present results confirm the feasibility of the device for the immunoassay or detection of various multi-species samples under low concentration in the biochemical and biomedical fields. The novel device can therefore improve the detection limit of traditional medical facilities.

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