八角金盤屬(Fatsia)為五加科(Araliaceae)植物，特產於東亞。此屬植物全世界共三種，其中F. polycarpa 產於台灣全省海拔1,800～2,500 公尺之山地；F. japonica 產於日本本島及琉球島，通常生長在海岸附近之暖林帶；F. oligocarpella 為日本小笠原群島之特有種，生長於低海拔之闊葉林中，此種數量稀少，只侷限分佈於小笠原群島中的父島及母島，日本學者將其列為瀕臨絕種物。由於八角金盤屬為東亞特有植物，相當適合東亞親緣地理之研究。

　　本研究選取八角金盤屬三種植物共36 個族群，114 個樣本，利用PCR 擴增八角金盤屬植物之葉綠體DNA 介於trnL 及trnF 基因間的noncoding spacer，及細胞核ITS片段進行定序，藉由其核酸變異來重建八角金盤屬之親緣地理，並估算族群內及族群間的分化情形。由葉綠體trnL-trnF 遺傳變異的偵測結果，在顯示八角金盤屬種間均擁有較低的遺傳歧異度，其主要原因為葉綠體基因片段仍處於lineage sorting 階段，各種間還擁有許多祖先多型(ancestral polymorphism)，故未能提供足夠的訊息以進行親緣分析。細胞核ITS 的分析結果則呈現較多的親緣訊息，其種間Tajima’D 為顯著負值，顯示八角金盤屬植物為近代族群擴張之結果。Neighbor　joining 樹狀圖分析顯現小笠原八角金盤與與台灣八角金盤各形成一monophyly，進一步以親緣網狀圖分析，得八角金盤屬之族群由日本本島向南方及東南方進行族群擴張。利用分子時鐘估算小笠原八角金盤與與台灣八角金盤之種化時間，分別是距今0.96-1.87 百萬年前及0.33-0.64 百萬年前所種化。由八角金盤之親緣地理分析結果，推論八角金盤的族群擴張歷史受限於冰河時期的環境氣候與地理障壁，形成現今的分佈模式，而成為各島與特有種。

　　Fatsia, a genus of the Araliaceae, is endemic to the Archipelago of west Pacific Rim and Bonin Islands. These woody, perennial plants, with terminal inflorescence, are insect-pollinated. Drupaceous fruits attract birds for seed dispersal. Phylogeography of F. japonica (Japan), F.　oligocarpella(Bonin), and F. polycarpa (Taiwan) was　reconstructed based on nucleotide variation of cpDNA trnL-trnF intergenic spacer and nuclear ribosomal ITS region. ITS genealogy reveals a close phylogenic relationship　between F. polycarpa and a haplotype of Okinawa, as well as between F. oligocarpella and a clade of Honshu and Ryukyus. Paraphyly of F. japonica indicates its ancestry. According to a molecular clock, the splitting of F. oligocarpella from F. japonica was dated to 0.96-1.87 million years　before present, coinciding the divergence time for most　endemic plants on the oceanic islands. Nevertheless, coalescence has not been attained at the cpDNA spacer　within either species due to possession of shared ancestral polymorphisms. A very low level of genetic variation of cpDNA was detected in F. polycarpa , π = 0.00071, while genetic diversity was estimated at π = 0.00285 and π = 0.00282 in F. japonica and F. oligocarpella , respectively. Evidence of a close affinity to Oplopanax , a genus of North America and Japan, and natural habitats in　mountainous areas in Taiwan suggests a likely temperate origin of Fatsia. Accordingly, F. polycarpa may have been founded in Taiwan via migrants from F. japonica , which possesses numerous genetic polymorphisms in both　chloroplast and nuclear DNAs. This unusual, southward colonization was dated to 0.33-0.64 million years before present. In contrast to the low genetic variation of cpDNA, postglacial demographic expansion, as indicated by significantly negative Tajima’s D statistics, may have recovered the genetic diversity of the nrITS in F. polycarpa , which was estimated at π = 0.00327, a level comparable to that of F. japonica and F. oligocarpella. Very low levels of genetic differentiation were detected between populations within all taxa, although current, across-island gene flow is likely to be constrained. Phylogeographical analysis suggests that such low geographical structuring in Fatsia, like many plants of the archipelago, has been highly mediated by periodical　glaciation.

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