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研究生: 高廣權
Kao, Kuang-Chuan
論文名稱: 航空發動機減速組齒輪箱失效調查與分析研究
The Study of Aviation Gas Turbine Reduction Gearbox on Failure Investigation Analysis
指導教授: 蕭飛賓
Hsiao, Fei-Bin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工程管理碩士在職專班
Engineering Management Graduate Program(on-the-job class)
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 119
中文關鍵詞: 魚骨圖AHPFTA系統圖失效調查
外文關鍵詞: Failure Investigation, Fishbone Diagram, System Diagram, Faulty Tree Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process
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  • 航空器事件調查或故障判斷緣起甚早,無非使飛行更為安全,並以此為改善之依據。相關學者認為「人為因素(Human Factors)」在肇因方面,佔有相當大的比例,但機械因素一直無法排除。本文之研究係以機械故障之現象為主,探究發生的原因,以為後續改善之參考。
    本文係藉由一個發動機減速組齒輪箱失效的案例,來探討對於故障判斷可行的研究方法,著重在系統性問題之探討,認為事件的發生,並非只是單一現象造成。而在複雜的系統中,將故障發生時的異常現象逐一蒐集,並以魚骨圖(Fishbone Diagram),做初步因果分析,然後以各元件相關性來考量,將魚骨圖轉換為特性要因系統圖(System Diagram),配合系統的運作以佐證列舉之可能肇因,再利用故障樹分析(Fault Tree Analysis)之樹狀結構找出各因子間造成事件發生的互動關係。然所列舉的因子對於故障的發生之影響力並非均等,故為了表達各因子使故障發生相對的可能性高低,必須使用適當的方法詢問相關專家之意見,共同評估各因子之權重。
    當故障現象與故障肇因以樹狀圖層級化的表達時,使用層級分析程序法(Analytic Hierarchy Process)來評估各因子相對的權重,並尋求此專業的專家依其工作經驗以問卷方式來表達,另以Expert Choice軟體計算各因子之權重,所得之各因子之權重即為對於故障發生的相對可能性,可以建議決策者依據重點項目逐一改善,較能達到改善之效益。

    The aircraft accident investigation or failure isolation has been studied for a long time. It is not only for issue of flight safety, but also a basis for aviation safety improvement. Some researchers argued that a majority proportion of causing accidents is due to the Human Factors, however, the mechanical related issue is also negligible for the flight safety.
    This thesis mainly focuses on the machinery malfunction of an aircraft gas turbine engine to analyze its root cause of flight accidents for future correction. The failure investigation adopts the gas turbine engine’s reduction gearbox malfunction to discuss and isolate the failure with a systematic way. In undertaking this complex problem, the Fishbone Diagram is used by collecting all the possible abnormal elements at the moment of a failure occurred and to analyze the preliminary findings. The Fishbone Diagram will then be transferred into the System Diagram accordingly. Working with the system operation of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), it is able to evaluate all the listed possibilities to find out the relationship among each factor. The impact of each listed factor to a failure, however, is not equivalent. Thus, the experts of the engine maintenance will be consulted to evaluate the possibility of each fact to a failure.
    When the failure and root causes are shown in FTA, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate the relative weight of each factor as a major evaluation method in the study. A questionnaire is also used to present the comments from the experts in this field. Besides, the Expert Choice program is used to calculate the relative weight of each factor. The result will indicate the relative possibility of each failure occurred. It is suggested that decision maker could correct these root causes in accordance with the highlighted items step by step. A benefit to improve will be achieved.

    摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------------------------II 誌謝-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IV 目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V 表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------VIII 圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------IX 第一章緒論---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1研究背景------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.2 研究動機----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.3 研究目的-----------------------------------------------------------------------11 1.4研究流程與架構-------------------------------------------------------------- 12 第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------------------------------14 2.1 飛航安全之失事調查------------------------------------------------------- 14 2.2 發動機修護制度介紹------------------------------------------------------- 15 2.2.1修護階層------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 2.2.2修護流程------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 2.2.3修護工作執行之依據----------------------------------------------------18 2.2.4修護紀錄之保存----------------------------------------------------------18 2.3 分析工具與應用範圍--------------------------------------------------------18 第三章 研究方法介紹--------------------------------------------------------------23 3.1 FTA基本概念---------------------------------------------------------------23 3.2 AHP基本概念---------------------------------------------------------------26 3.2.1 使用AHP的步驟--------------------------------------------------------28 第四章 失效調查與分析案例研究-----------------------------------------------32 4.1故障描述------------------------------------------------------------------------32 4.2 系統介紹-----------------------------------------------------------------------33 4.3 故障情況初步分析-----------------------------------------------------------40 4.3.1 發動機系統之專業維修工廠------------------------------------------41 4.3.2 飛機系統之專業維修工廠---------------------------------------------41 4.3.3 使用單位------------------------------------------------------------------42 4.3.4 外包商---------------------------------------------------------------------42 4.4 現場勘查-----------------------------------------------------------------------42 4.4.1 發動機系統之專業維修工廠------------------------------------------42 4.4.2 飛機系統之專業維修工廠---------------------------------------------52 4.4.3 使用單位------------------------------------------------------------------53 4.5 故障肇因探討-----------------------------------------------------------------55 4.5.1 滑油內含之污染物質---------------------------------------------------55 4.5.2 滑油污染與油濾阻塞的相關性---------------------------------------58 4.5.3 故障原因彙整------------------------------------------------------------58 第五章 問卷 -----------------------------------------------------------------------63 5.1 問卷發展、計算與統計-----------------------------------------------------63 5.2 問卷結果分析-----------------------------------------------------------------72 第六章 結論與建議-----------------------------------------------------------------76 6.1 研究結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------76 6.2 研究限制-----------------------------------------------------------------------78 6.3 建議-----------------------------------------------------------------------------78 參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------------------80 附錄-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83 附錄1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------83 附錄2--------------------------------------------------------------------------------90 附錄3--------------------------------------------------------------------------------95 附錄4-------------------------------------------------------------------------------103 附錄5-------------------------------------------------------------------------------116 附錄6-------------------------------------------------------------------------------118

    中文部份:
    【1】王心靈、崔海恩,飛機失事調查,空軍軍官學校飛行安全教育訓練中心,94年5月。
    【2】王世煌,工業安全風險評估,揚智文化事業股份有限公司,民國91年9月。
    【3】何立己,黑盒子的秘密──航空安全人為因素剖析,AIRWAY世界民航雜誌,民國87年3月。
    【4】方向威,材料測試與分析,五南圖書出版股份有限公司,民國91年1月。
    【5】柯煇耀,預防性失效分析──FMECA & FTA之應用,中華民國品質學會發行,民國90年11月。
    【6】鈴木順二郎、牧野鐵治、石坂茂樹,先鋒可靠度研究小組譯,FMEA、FAT實施法,和昌出版社,民國95年8 月。
    【7】鄭清和,品管新七手法實戰,台灣復文興業股份有限公司,民國86年7月。
    【8】鄧振源、曾國雄,「層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用(上)」,中國統計學報,第27卷,第6期,頁5-22,民國78年6月。
    【9】劉賓陽,作業研究,三民書局股份有限公司,民國89年9月。
    【10】航空器維護手冊,航太工業發展推動小組,民國87年6月。

    英文部分:
    【11】A. V. Reddy, Investigation of Aeronautical and Engineering Component Failures, CRC Press, 2004.
    【12】A. Cameron, Basic Lubrication Theory, Ellis Horwood, 3rd ed., 1983.
    【13】B. S. Blanchard, Systems Engineering and Analysis, Prentice-Hall International Inc., 3rd ed., 1998.
    【14】B. S. Blanchard, Logistics Engineering and Management, Prentice-Hall International Inc., 5th ed., 1998.
    【15】C. V. Oster, J. S. Strong and C. K. Zorn, Why Airplanes Crash, Oxford University Press, 1992.
    【16】F. Y. Partovi, “An analytical model of process choice in the chemical industry”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 105, pp. 213-227, 2007.
    【17】H. C. Lee, J. M. Choi, B. W. Lee and T. G. Kim, “Failure analysis of stress corrosion cracking in aircraft bolts”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 14, pp. 209-217, 2007.
    【18】P. Suwignjo, U. Bititci and A. Carrie, “Quantitative models for performance measurement system”, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 64, pp. 231-241, 2000.
    【19】R. V. Rao, “Evaluation of metal stamping layouts using an analytic hierarchy process method”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 152, pp. 71-76, 2004.
    【20】S. H. An, G. H. Kim and K. I. Kang, “A case-based reasoning cost estimating model using experience by analytic hierarchy process”, Building and Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 2573-2579, 2007.
    【21】T. L. Saaty, Decision Making for Leaders, Wadsworth, Inc., 1982.
    【22】Y. Wang, T. Teague, H. West and S. Mannan, “A new algorithm for computer-aided fault tree synthesis”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 15, pp. 265-277, 2002.

    網頁部份:
    【23】http://www.asc.gov.tw/asc_ch/news_list_2.asp? news_no=195,行政院飛航安全委員會網頁。
    【24】http://www.boeing.com/news/techissues/pdf/statsum.pdf

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