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研究生: 翁偉宸
Weng, Wei-Chen
論文名稱: 以石墨烯及鐵共摻雜二氧化鈦複合光觸媒 於可見光下降解空氣污染物苯乙烯之研究
Photocatalytic degradation of styrene by rGO/Fe/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst under the visible light
指導教授: 朱信
Chu, Hsin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 環境工程學系
Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 153
中文關鍵詞: 苯乙烯光催化反應摻雜鐵之二氧化鈦複合光觸媒石墨烯可見光
外文關鍵詞: Styrene, Photocatalysis, Fe doped TiO2, Graphene, Visible light
相關次數: 點閱:101下載:0
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  • 本研究使用鐵和還原石墨烯對二氧化鈦進行改性,以提高光催化劑在可見光下的氧化效率。通過活性實驗確定最佳金屬摻雜比例以獲得最大的污染物降解效率,並了解改性光催化劑在不同環境(如溫度、相對濕度、進流濃度、停留時間)下的降解性能。為了研究金屬鐵、還原石墨烯和二氧化鈦在降解過程中的協同效應,輔以TGA、FTIR、XRD、XPS、TEM、SEM和EPR等特性分析,對活性結果進行分析驗證實驗。在 XRD 圖中,銳鈦礦與板鈦礦的重量百分比約為 7:3。此外,XRD結果中光催化劑的d-間距與TEM得到的結果相似。XPS分析結果表明TiO2和0.1wt%rGO/FeX/TiO2光催化劑中的鈦金屬以Ti4+的形式存在。此外,XPS 分析的官能基團與 FTIR 分析得到的相似。EPR 分析結果表明,0.1wt%rGO/Fe0.5%TiO2 樣品的 OH 自由基數量最多,這表明 0.1wt%rGO/Fe0.5%TiO2 可以產生最多的OH自由基去除苯乙烯,此結果也與活性實驗一致。在動力學研究中,模型 4 最適合本研究的反應動力學。 0.1rGO/Fe0.5%TiO2光催化降解苯乙烯的Arrhenius方程得到的活化能為123.6 kJ/mol。

    This experiment will use iron and reduced graphene to modify titanium dioxide improving the oxidation efficiency of the photocatalyst under visible light. In this study, the activity experiment was used to decide the best metal doping ratios to obtain the most pollutant degradation efficiency, and to understand the degradation performance of the modified photocatalyst under different environments (such as temperature, relative humidity). In order to research the synergistic effect of metallic iron, reduced graphene and titanium dioxide during degradation, supplemented by characteristic analysis such as TGA, FTIR, XRD, XPS, TEM ,SEM and EPR were carried out to analyze and prove the results of the activity experiment. In the XRD pattern, the weight percentage of anatase to brookite was about 7:3. Furthermore, the d-spacing of photocatalysts from the results of XRD were similar to the results obtained by TEM. The XPS analysis results showed that the titanium metal in TiO2 and 0.1wt%rGO/FeX/TiO2 photocatalysts was in the form of Ti4+. In addition, the function groups analyzed by XPS were similar to that obtained by FTIR analysis. The EPR analysis results indicated that the 0.1wt%rGO/Fe0.5%TiO2 sample had the greatest number of OH radicals, which showed that 0.1wt%rGO/Fe0.5%TiO2 could generate the greatest number of hydroxyl radicals for the removal of the styrene, this result was also consistent with the activity experiment. In kinetic study, model 4 was best fitted to the reaction kinetics of this study. The activation energy obtained by the Arrhenius equation in the photocatalytic degradation of styrene by 0.1rGO/Fe0.5%TiO2 was 123.6 kJ/mol.

    摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 致謝 iii CONTENT iv LIST OF TABLE viii LIST OF FIGURES x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1-1 Motivation 1 1-2 Objective 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 5 2-1 Introduction of air pollution 5 2-1.1 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 6 2-1.2 Styrene 8 2-2 Control technologies of VOCs 11 2-3 Photocatalysis 13 2-3.1 Photocatalyst 13 2-3.2 Mechanism of photocatalysis 14 2-3.3 Preparation of photocatalysts 18 2-4 TiO2 for photocatalysis 21 2-4.1 TiO2 21 2-4.2 Application of TiO2 23 2-4.3 Modification of TiO2 24 2-5 Graphene 28 2-5.1 Introduction of graphene 28 2-5.2 Synthesis of graphene 29 2-6 Impact factors of photocatalytic performance 31 2-7 Plug flow reactor 33 2-8 Catalytic kinetic model 36 2-8.1 Langmuir–Hinshelwood model 36 2-8.2 Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) model 38 2-9 Arrhenius equation 38 2-10 Van’t Hoff equation 39 CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 3-1 Research scope 40 3-2 Experimental materials and equipment 42 3-3 Photocatalysts Preparation 45 3-3.1 Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide 45 3-3.2 Synthesis of Photocatalysts 46 3-3.3 Preparation of immobilized photocatalyst film 50 3-4 Photocatalytic experiment’s structure and condition 50 3-4.1 Experiment’s structure 50 3-4.2 The stability of simulated styrene gas system 52 3-4.3 Calibration curve 53 3-5 Photocatalysts characterization 54 3-5.1 Thermogravimetric / differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) 54 3-5.2 X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) 54 3-5.3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 55 3-5.4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 55 3-5.5 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 56 3-5.6 Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) 56 3-5.7 Raman spectroscopy 57 3-5.8 Photoluminescence (PL) 57 3-5.9 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 57 3-5.10 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis 58 3-5.11 Inductively coupled plasma optical microscopy (ICP-OES) 61 3-5.12 Visual contact angle analyzer (VCA) 61 3-5.13 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 62 3-5.14 Electrochemical Analyzer (ECA) 62 CHAPTER 4 Results and Discussion 63 4-1 Photocatalysts Characterization 63 4-1.1 Inductively coupled plasma optical microscopy (ICP-OES) 63 4-1.2 Thermogravimetric / differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) 64 4-1.3 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 68 4-1.4 X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) 70 4-1.5 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 75 4-1.6 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 83 4-1.7 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 87 4-1.8 Photoluminescence (PL) 99 4-1.9 Raman spectroscopy 101 4-1.10 Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) 104 4-1.11 Visual contact angle analyzer (VCA) 106 4-1.12 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 108 4-1.13 Electrochemical Analyzer (ECA) 110 4-1.14 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis 112 4-2 Activity test of Photocatalysts 116 4-3 Parameters test of Photocatalysts 119 4-3.1 Effect of inlet concentration of styrene 119 4-3.2 Effect of temperature 121 4-3.3 Effect of retention time 123 4-3.4 Effect of relative humidity 125 4-4 Kinetic study (Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) 127 4-5 Mechanism of photocatalytic reaction 134 4-5.1 Intermediate study by GCMS 134 4-5.2 Reaction pathway 136 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 140 5-1 Conclusion 140 5-2 Suggestion 142 REFERENCE 143

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