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研究生：	艾育生 Tariyal, Aaushi
論文名稱：	以震動台試驗探討加勁邊坡動態行為- 加勁材配置效應 Shaking table tests on geosynthetic-reinforced slopes- Effects of reinforcement configurations
指導教授：	黃景川 Huang, Ching-Chuan
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	140
外文關鍵詞：	geosynthetic-reinforced slope, white noise test, permanent displacement, dynamic incremental pressure, arias intensity, RMS acceleration, stiffness coefficient, internal failure index
相關次數：	點閱：148 下載：1
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The present study used a geosynthetic-reinforced slope model with different length of reinforcement and a number of the reinforcement layer. A laminar box was used which contain the model during the shaking table tests. The soil used in this experiment is the middle and upper reaches of Meixi in Nantou County. The different test was done on the model, and the results are compared with test results reported in the literature:
1. The maximum permanent displacement of the slope(D_max) under various horizontal peak ground acceleration(HPGA) shows that 5layer 0.7H performs better than 3layer 0.7H and 5layer 0.5H.
2. The normalized displacement curves obtained here show that that before the surface acceleration exceeds the limit acceleration a_y, the wall has been displaced, and empirical curves reported in the literature, suggesting that a permanent displacement of the slope could not happen if HPGA is not greater than a_y.
3. In this study, the acceleration amplification factor shows the same trend as the other researchers.
4. From arias intensity and a_rms, it can be seen that 5layer 0.7H required more energy for failure than the other models.
5. Stiffness coefficient and Internal failure index are good indicators that can be utilized to evaluate the seismic response of reinforced slopes.

ABSTRACT	III
Acknowledgement	IV
Table of content	v
Table directory	IX
table of figures	X
chapter 1 introduction	1
1 Motivation and Purpose	1
2 Research	2
chapter 2 Literature review	3
1 Newmark (1965) Sliding Block Theory	3
2 Cai and Bathurst (1996) Comparison and discussion of methods for calculating seismic displacement	4
3 Matsuo et al. (1998) Shaking table test of stiffened retaining wall	6
4 Huang et al. (2010) and Huang et al. (2011) Study on the dynamic behavior of stiffened retaining walls	6
5 Chopra (2001) Decay of free vibration test	8
6 Nadim F. and Whitman RV. (1983) Earthquake caused displacement of retaining wall	9
7 Xu (2016) Direct shear behavior and patterning of soil	10
8 Wang (2017) Discussion on the vibration table test of the displacement in the earthquake of the retaining wall	10
9 Sabermahani M. et al. (2007) Experimental study on seismic deformation modes of reinforced-soil walls	12
10 Krishna Murali A. et al. (2012) Modeling the Dynamic Response of Wrap-Faced Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls	12
11 Liao (2018) Study on the Seismic Behavior of Geosynthetic-reinforced steep slopes	13
Chapter 3 Experimental Installation and Introduction	15
1 Test soil	15
2 Reinforcing material	15
3 Slope reinforced retaining wall model related equipment	15
3.1 Laminar sandbox	15
3.2 Slope bracing	15
3.3 Latex film	16
3.4 Adhesive Glue	16
4 Measurement and data acquisition system	16
4.1 Linear displacement meter	16
4.2 Accelerometer	16
4.3 Strain gauge	17
4.4 Modular capture system	17
4.5 National Instruments Labview software	18
5 MTS shaking system	18
Chapter 4 Experimental methods and description	30
1 Decay of free vibration test and White noise test	30
2 Shaking table test of reinforced wall	31
3 Experimental conditions and waveform simulation results 32
chapter 5 experimental results and analysis	39
1 Performance of laminar and rigid sandboxes 39 
2 White noise test and Decay of free vibration test	42
2.1 White noise test, test result	42
2.2 Decay of free vibration test result	44
3 Shaking table test results of reinforced wall	48
3.1 Discussion on wall displacement	50
3.1.1 Wall deformation process of each group of experiments	50
3.1.2 The relationship between the maximum permanent displacement of the wall (D_max) and the maximum horizontal acceleration of the surface (HPGA)	52
3.1.3 Normalization of wall displacement	60
3.1.4 Wall deformation process	62
3.2 Face displacement response of the wall	63
3.3 Wall acceleration response results	65
3.3.1 Wall acceleration response of each group of experiments	65
3.3.2 Acceleration increase and decrease amplitude reaction	67
3.4 Reinforcement 80
3.4.1 Tensile force on the reinforcement 80
3.4.2 Force Distribution on reinforcement 81
3.4.3 Dynamic increment coefficient ( ∆K_dyn) 83
4 Analysis method of reinforced wall 85
4.1 Arias intensity	85
4.2 RMS acceleraion	89
4.3 Reinforced wall 98
4.3.1 External and internal stability analysis	98
4.3.2 Earth pressure analysis	103
4.3.2.1 Static earth pressure	103
4.3.2.2 Dynamic incremental pressure 105
4.4 Stiffness	109
4.4.1 Stiffness coefficient	109
4.4.2 Internal failure index	110
Chapter 6 Conclusions and recomendations	113
1 Conclusions	113
2 Recomendations	115
References	116
Appendix	119


                                    

1. Bathurst, R. J. (1998) “Segmental retaining wall - seismic design manual” National Concrete Masonry Association, Herndon, VA, USA.
2. Bathurs, R. J. and Cai, Z. (1995) “Pseudo-static seismic analysis of geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining walls’’ Geosynthetics International, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp 789-832.
3. Cai, Z. and Bathurs, R. J. (1996) “Deterministic sliding block methods for estimation seismic displacements of earth structures” Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 255-268.
4. Chopra, A. K. (2001) “Dynamic of Structures” Prentice Hall, 2th ed, Chapter 2, pp. 39-64.
5. Huang, C.-C., Chou, L.-H., and Tatsuoka, F. (2003) “Seismic displacements of geosynthetic-reinforced soil modular block walls” Geosynthetics International, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 2-23.
6. Huang, C.-C., and Wu, S.-H. (2006) “Simplified approach for assessing seismic displacements of soil-retaining walls. Part I: geosynthetic-reinforced walls with modular block walls” Geosynthetics International, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp 219-233.
7. Huang, C.-C., Horng, J.-C., Chang, Chueh, S.-Y., W.-J., Chiou, J.-S., and Chen, C.-H., (2010) “Dynamic behavior of reinforced slopes: horizontal acceleration response’’ Geosynthetics International, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp 207-219.
8. Huang, C.-C., Horng, J.-C., Chang, W.-J., Chiou, J.-S., and Chen, C.-H., (2011) “Dynamic behavior of reinforced walls – horizontal displacement response” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 29, pp. 257-267.
9. Huang, C.-C. (2015) “Settlement of footings at the crest of reinforced slopes subjected to toe unloading’’ Geosynthetics International.
10. Huang, C.-C., Huang, B.-S., Chen, Y.-W. (2016) “Stability analyses for geosynthetic-reinforced steep-faced slopes subjected to toe scouring’’ Journal of GeoEngineering, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 123-132.
11. Huang, C.-C. (2016) “Model tests on the bearing capacity of reinforced saturated sand ground’’ Geosynthetics International.
12. Iai, S. (1988) “Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structure-fluid model in 1g gravitational field.”
13. Idriss, I. M. (1990) “Response of soft soil sites during earthquakes” Proceedings H. Bolton Seed Memorial Symposium, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp 273-289.
14. Krishna, A. M. et al. (2007) “Seismic response of reinforced soil retaining wall models using shaking-table tests” Geosynthetics International, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp.355-364.
15. Matsuo, O., Tsutsumi, T., Yokoyama, K., and Saito, Y. (1998) “Shaking table tests and analyses of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls” Geosynthetic International, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, pp. 97-126.
16. Newmark, N. M. (1965) “Effect of earthquake on dams and embankments” Geotechnique, Vol. 15, No 2, pp. 139-159.
17. Sabermahani, M., Ghalandarzadeh, A., and Fakher, A. (2009) “Experimental study on seismic deformation modes of reinforced-soil walls” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 27, pp. 121-136.
18. Segrestin, P. and Bastick, M. J. (1988) “Seismic design of reinforced earth retaining walls the contribution of finite element analysis” Proceedings of the International Geotechnical Symposium on Theory and Practice of Earth Reinforcement, pp. 577-582.
19. Whitman, R. V., and Liao, S. (1985) “Seismic design of gravity retaining walls” Miscellaneous Paper GL-85-1, Department of the Army, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
20. Wang Xuewen (2017), "Exploring the vibration table test of the displacement in the earthquake of the retaining wall," National Cheng Kung University, Master of Science in Civil Engineering.
21. Liao Kuan-Chieh (2018), “Study on the Seismic Behavior of Geosynthetic-reinforced Steep Slopes,” National Cheng Kung University, Master of Science in Civil Engineering.

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