研究目的：本研究之歸因理論基礎，為Kelley提出之共變理論(Kelley, 1967)，並使用修改自McArthur(McArthur, 1972)歸因研究派典之幼兒特質歸因問卷，探討兒童干擾行為程度較高的母親，對兒童行為之歸因風格。過去研究指出，早產為發展出干擾行為的風險因子，故本研究以早產兒為研究對象，探討早產兒童的母親，在兒童幼兒期(1.5-3歲)，是否因其注意力不足與過動衝動行為，而發展出特殊的歸因風格。

研究方法：研究納入1.5歲至3歲兒童的母親，早產組67位，足月組66位。測量工具包含貝克焦慮量表、貝克憂鬱量表、親職壓力量表、幼兒期干擾行為量表—家長版、兒童行為檢核表及幼兒特質歸因問卷。幼兒特質歸因問卷中，針對兒童幼兒時期經常出現的利社會、不注意及過動衝動行為進行描述，並依據Kelley(Kelley, 1972)之歸因理論提出之共識性(consensus)、特殊性(distinctiveness)及一致性(consistency)提供高、低價值的排列，請母親填寫時，想像自己的孩子在表現該行為之原因，並提供個人、刺激、情境及兩種行為以上四個歸因選項請母親圈選。

研究結果與討論：研究結果指出，行為類型與資訊組合交互作用顯著。另外，當兒童表現較少不專注行為特質時，母親較傾向認為兒童能控制自身的行為；當兒童特質為早產且有較多不專注行為時，母親對兒童的負向行為，有較高的個人歸因傾向。研究發現，早產兒童的母親，在兒童學步兒時期，已經發展出對兒童較不利的歸因風格，可能對兒童未來社會適應發展，有負面的影響。

The purpose of this study is to explore the attribution style of mothers of ADHD high risk preterm toddler’s inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity behavior. In the research, we use six questionnaires for participants rating, including McArthur Paradigm attribution questionnaire, Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale-toddler, Children Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2~5, Parenting Stress Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory II. There are 67 participants in preterm group, and 66 participants in term group. By using Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale-toddler Questionnaire’s inattention cutoff point, we separated preterm group and term group to four group：term-low-risk group, term-high -risk group, preterm-low-risk group, and preterm-high-risk group. The result of s McArthur Paradigm attribution questionnaire indicated that mothers of preterm toddlers made more personal attribution to toddler’s hyperactivity/impulsivity behavior, mothers of term toddlers consider toddler are more controllable to their own behavior. In this research, we reveal that preterm toddler’s inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity behavior effect mother’s attribution style, which might influence parent-child interaction.

中文部分
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