價值導向記憶(value-directed remembering, VDR)是生活中一項重要能力，ADHD-C’ 組(attention deficient hyperactive disorder-combined type plus hyperactive-impulsive type)兒童被發現在此有所缺損，而選擇性記憶作業是探討VDR一種方式。本階段研究的目的在於以腦造影技術探討VDR背後的神經基礎。研究參與者包括一般組兒童20位，以及大學生組20位，以功能性磁振造影進行，先呈現作為價值線索的數字，再呈現作為記憶目標的中文雙字詞，共有24組，序列呈現完畢後進行立即的自由回憶，一共五回合的作業。研究結果顯示，行為方面，大學生與一般兒童兩組參與者，皆呈現價值效果以及序列位置效果。組間差異上，總回憶字數與價值總分數等指標上，大學生組皆顯著高於一般組兒童。然而，在選擇性指標上，兩組表現沒有顯著差異。儘管選擇性指標並未有回合間的學習效果，然或可視為參與者的表現穩定一致。此外，我們發現相較過去研究，本研究參與者之價值效果較小。在神經層次的探討上，本研究作業引發之價值效果在酬賞相關區域(ventral tegmental area & nucleus accumbens)並不明顯，我們認為可能與行為指標價值效果薄弱有關；一般組兒童活化趨勢整體而言更為弱小，除了行為指標上價值效果虛弱外，可能是頭動影響影像品質或是常模的校正不良的干擾。然而，有關記憶策略與語義歷程相關的腦區，本研究的結果則與Cohen等人(2014)之結果相似，大學生組參與者不但在記憶字詞階段，發現左側額下迴(inferior frontal gyrus, IFG)與左側顳中迴(medial temporal gyrus, MTG)的價值效果；在左側前端與後端IFG皆有發現價值效果訊號與選擇性指標的相關性，並且左側extrastriate cortex同樣沒有顯著相關。此外，發現在記憶字詞階段時，左側IFG 與左側MTG於跨組別與跨研究中觀察到一致的價值效果活化模式（或趨勢）。整合行為與影像資料的假設檢驗與結論，本研究所使用的價值導向記憶派典，確實能於某種程度上測量到參與者的價值導向記憶能力，但卻未能於中腦邊緣酬賞相關結構引發價值效果，暗示背後的神經機制可能與過去研究不盡相同。然而，無論過去研究或本研究，都發現價值導向記憶能力可能牽涉語義策略歷程的額顳葉區的活化。

Value-directed remembering (VDR) plays an essential role in our daily life. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children are found to have impairment in VDR. This research aims to investigate the neural basis underlying the VDR by applying functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants include 20 control children and 20 college students. Selective memory task was conducted in fMRI scanner. A value-cued number was presented beforehand and paired with two-word vocabularies, which contain 24 pairs in all. After presentation, the participants were ask to recall as many words as possible from the preceding list. Ours tasks induced significant effects of value and serial position effects on both groups. And the pattern of group differences is consistent with past study. However, the learning effect is insignificant in both groups. Besides, the effect of value of our study seems weaker than past studies. The image findings on the effect of value on reward-sensitive regions are not consistent with the study before. However, we found that during word-encoding period, the effect of value of college students on the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and medial temporal gyrus (MTG) are significant, and beta values of left anterior and posterior IFG are positive correlated to the participants’ selective index. Besides, left IFG and left MTG are found similar activation pattern of effect of value across groups and studies. Our findings mentioned before may suggest that semantic strategic processing may be an important mechanism for selectively encoding valuable items.

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