65歲以上稱為老人以銀髮族尊稱，我國於2018年老人口超過14%成為高齡社會，106年老人調查指出，僅約13.01%的老人生活需人協助，其餘約300萬之老人仍能自由行動。台灣都會區住宅型態以集合住宅居多，集合住宅內若有妥適的公共空間可促進老人活動及交流，使高齡者有更多友善的生活空間能減緩老化。本研究以文獻資料歸納銀髮友善住宅公共空間設計方向及採用修正式德菲法調查學者、專家意見，再使用李克特量表量化意見之重要性，其目的編製既有高層集合住宅友善公共空間檢核表、檢核既有高層集合住宅公共空間之友善程度及提出友善住宅公共空間設計原則之建議。研究結果顯示，既有集合住宅之公共空間越近期竣工者其友善程度越高；且案例之建築基地面積越大其友善度越高；各種公共空間型態之友善度未符合比率以曬衣場的60%最高，而室內走廊5%最低，顯示既有高層集合住宅公共空間曬衣場之設置最不友善，而室內走廊友善度最好；友善住宅公共空間於設計規劃時通道須預留足夠的寬度、位置與日後照護需求改變時之變通性、消除地面之高低落差與防滑處理、密集且適當之座椅與扶手、足夠且安全的廁所以及緊急求助系統等。
關鍵詞：銀髮、集合住宅、公共空間、友善設計、檢核表

The population of senior citizen in our country was over 14% and became high-aging society in 2018. According to the survey in 2017, 13.01% of senior citizens need assistance in their daily lives, and around 3 million senior citizens can move freely. The housing type in Taiwan metropolitan areas is mostly congregate housing. With appropriate and friendly design of public spaces in congregate housing public spaces can slow down the aging phenomenon.

The research summarizes the design of friendly public spaces for elderly with literature, applies Modified Delphi method to collect the opinions of scholars and experts, and quantifies data by using Likert scale. The purpose of this research aims to offer the recommendations of design principle for friendly public spaces, creating a checklist for existing high-rise congregate housings, and evaluating the level of assessment.

The results show that the passageway must be wide enough, flexible layout is necessary in the future, the floor must be flat and non-slippery, public spaces install seats and handrails at proper places, and toilets have enough amounts and set up emergency system during design and planning phase. The results also show the newest congregate housing has more friendly the public spaces, and the larger the floor areas the higher the friendliness. The clothes drying yard has 60% of unfriendliness and indoor corridors have 5% within all types of public spaces, which indicates that the indoor corridors are the friendliest designed places.

Key words: Senior citizen, Congregate housing, Public space, Friendly design, Checklist

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