神經性發炎在神經退化性疾病及中樞神經損傷中扮演重要的角色，包括阿茲海默氏症及脊髓損傷。神經性發炎會導致膠質細胞活化及產生發炎因子，特別是星狀膠質細胞。星狀膠質細胞在中樞神經中是主要多數的細胞之一並且維持正常腦部組織的功能及釋放神經滋養因子維持神經細胞的存活。然而星狀膠質細胞在發炎的環境下會導致星狀膠質細胞活化並且產生發炎現象。進一步在活化態的星狀膠質細胞會導致星狀膠質細胞增生現象(astroglosis)，其星狀膠質細胞增生特徵包括抗細胞凋亡，細胞增生及細胞移行，最終形成星狀膠質疤痕。CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD)是發炎轉錄因子之一並且參與中樞神經系統慢性和急性發炎現象。過去研究指出CEBPD參與在阿茲海默氏症的病程當中。然而CEBPD的功能在阿茲海默氏症還有許多不清楚的地方。在本研究發現阿茲海默氏症老鼠模式中CEBPD高度表現在星狀膠質細胞上。在阿茲海默氏症缺少CEBPD的模擬小鼠中可以降低星狀膠質細胞的活化及減少活性氧的產生。進一步本研究發現星狀膠質細胞CEBPD可以活化ZNF179的表現並且與PLZF有結合作用去抑制促凋亡基因的表現，包括IGFBP3及BIK。此外，星狀膠質細胞CEBPD可以誘導ROS的形成透過p47phox及p67phox的表現。Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1),是一個抗氧化酵素，並且發現可以受CEBPD誘導起來，且參與了星狀膠質細胞抵抗氧化壓力的環境。綜合以上的結論發現，星狀膠質細胞的CEBPD參與星狀膠質細胞增生及神經性發炎的病理之影響並且提供新的CEBPD在星狀膠質細胞的功能，未來可做為新穎治療藥物開發的策略。

Neuroinflammation has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and central nervous system injury such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and spinal cord injury. Neuroinflammation can cause glia cell activation and produce inflammatory cytokines, especially astrocyte. Astrocytes are the principal cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and are essential in normal brain tissue. They can secrete neurotrophic factors that support normal neuron function and survival. In contrast, astrocytes can be activated and cause inflammation in a neuroinflammatory environment. Further, activated astrocytes can cause astrogliosis, which is characterized by cell anti-apoptosis, proliferation and the migration of astrocytes, and eventually leads to scar formation. The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD) protein is an inflammatory transcription factor and participates in both chronic and acute inflammation in CNS. Previous studies have shown that the CEBPD protein contributes to expression of Alzheimer’s disease. However, its role in Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear. Our data show that CEBPD is highly expressed in astrocytes in AD mouse models. In AD, a lack of CEBPD in AppTg mice can decrease astrocyte activation and reduce ROS formation. Further, I found that astrocytic CEBPD can activate ZNF179 expression, and ZNF179 can interact with PLZF to repress pro-apoptosis gene expression, including IGFBP3 and BIK. Furthermore, astrocytic CEBPD can induce ROS formation through p47phox and p67phox expression. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme, is also up-regulated by CEBPD in astrocytes, which may contribute to the astrocyte resistance in an oxidative stress. Taken together, astrocytic CEBPD contributes to astrogliosis, has pathogenic consequences in neuroinflammatory disease, and provides new insights into the functional role of CEBPD in astrocytes that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment.

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