隨著氣候變遷，極端天氣出現得越來越頻繁，其中「乾旱」更是對人民生活帶來重大影響。當發生乾旱時，迫使政府必須對各行業用水進行控管，隨著各部門間的交互影響，整個經濟體將會因缺水帶來重大的經濟衝擊。
智慧水錶 (Smart Water Meters, SWM) 乃係一個能協助有效運用水資源的裝置，除了減少抄錶成本、降低讀數錯誤等，還能降低漏水率、協助控管用水量、推動節水意識等。此外，本研究認為，智慧水錶亦能延伸應用於水資源分配，於乾旱缺水發生時協助控管用水量。
本研究使用投入產出模型 (Input-output model, IO) 進行模擬，並利用簡單區位商數法編製台南地區產業關聯表，分析出缺水可能對台南地區造成的期望經濟衝擊。
結果顯示：有安裝智慧水錶時，期望經濟損失為12.38佰億元，相比未安裝智慧水錶的期望經濟損失為28.18佰億元，具有15.80佰億元的經濟效益。考量智慧水錶的建置成本374.93佰萬元，則期望成本效益合計為15.76佰億元。
根據本研究結果，建議產業可全面安裝智慧水錶，若未來發生嚴重乾旱導致缺水問題產生時，將能作為政府在限水政策的執行工具，大幅降低缺水對整體造成的經濟影響。

With climate change, extreme weather has become more and more frequent, among which "drought" has a major impact on people's lives. When a drought occurs, the government must control the water use of various industries. With the interaction between various sectors, the entire economy will have a major economic impact due to water shortages.
Smart Water Meters (SWM) is a device that can assist in the efficient use of water resources. In addition to reducing meter reading costs and reading errors, it can also reduce water leakage rates, assist in controlling water consumption, and promote water conservation awareness. In addition, this study believes that smart water meters can also be extended to water resource allocation to help control water consumption when droughts and water shortages occur.
This study uses the Input-Output Model (IO) for simulation and uses the Simple Location Quotient Method (SLQ) to compile an industry correlation table in Tainan to analyze the expected economic impact of the reduction of water supply on Tainan.
The results show that with the installation of smart water meters, the expected economic loss is NTD123.8 billion, compared with the expected economic loss of NTD 281.8 billion without the smart water meter, with an economic benefit of NTD 158 billion. Considering the construction cost of the smart water meter of NTD 0.375 billion, the total expected cost-effectiveness is NTD 157.6 billion.
According to the results of this study, it is suggested that the industry can fully install smart water meters. If the water shortage problem occurs due to severe drought in the future, it will be used as a tool for the government to implement the water restriction policy and greatly reduce the overall economic impact of water shortages.

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