無線通訊網路的快速發展，直接帶動了民生5C的產品發展與製造。而通訊產品的需求除了基本的輕、薄、短、小與低成本外，多功能與多頻的操作則為目前市場的主流。且通訊協定由IEEE 802.11演變至目前當紅之IEEE 802.16的UWB與WiMax，除了信號解調與傳輸速度的大演進外，與多媒體的結合亦帶動了現今手機一機多用的風潮。正因如此，使得生活更加豐富、通訊更便利，促成了隨時隨地的無線行動通訊。伴隨著市場需求與通訊技術的進步，所需之系統與元件的規格亦隨著演進與更加嚴格，因此多功能元件的研發與量產製造正是符合現今通訊要求的唯一途徑。系統與元件規格的改變，勢必將使得元件或是整體系統的特性產生變化，而非線性效應的影響將主導整體的實用性。因此，關鍵性元件的非線性效應將於論文中討論，且在不增加元件尺寸與維持通帶特性的前提下，降低或消除非線性效應，來獲得良好特性之通訊系統；品質因數對元件特性影響亦有討論與驗證。吾人於本研究中，將針對關鍵性元件如天線、濾波器與放大器等的組成與非線性效應作一探討，且各針對其屬性與特質來完成改善或壓抑其非線性效應。此外，吾人亦針對品質因數對元件的影響作一研究，以期獲得元件設計時的一重要依據，並以一放大器設計來說明與佐證之。
首先將針對通訊協定作一介紹，吾人以IEEE 802.11系列作為範例說明。在了解通訊協定後，對於整體系統與元件的需求將有更客觀的認知與能更具體的分析。此外，吾人亦於論文中將目前業界現況與學術研究一起溶入比較，以期開發出兼具實用性與理論性之研究。
光子能隙(photonic bandgap，PBG)的概念已在最近幾年應用至微波領域，主要衍生出有電子能隙(electromagnetic bandgap，EBG)與缺陷接地結構(defected ground structure，DGS)，其主要功能為產生具有濾波效果的特性。由於週期性的排列與分佈，將使得特定頻率產生止帶或是通帶的頻率響應，且廣泛的被應用於元件與系統之中，如天線、濾波器、功率放大器、震盪器與混頻器等。但其設計理論複雜與結構參數太多而限制其實用性，幾乎僅止於學術研究之用。因此，吾人首先以傳輸線理論與模型來詮釋其物理特性，並以DGS結構來作為範例與實驗；輔以濾波器等效電路來作為定性之分析。討論中可發現不同週期將可分別獲得止帶衰減量高或是寬頻止帶之頻率特性。根據上述分析，吾人亦開發出一實用性高、具學術理論且亦於量產之十字型缺陷接地面結構(cross-shape DGS，CSDGS)。其具有平坦的通帶特性、結構簡易、理論完整、衰減率高與超寬頻之止帶特性。且成功的應用於設計低通、帶通濾波器與天線上；所設計之CSDGS亦同時具有易於積體化與封裝之特點，適用於3D多層設計與符合SIP(system in packaging)之技術。
濾波器一直是通訊系統中面積最大與變化最多之關鍵性元件。由於根據半波長或是四分之一波長設計準則，因此縮小面積一直是濾波器設計的重點。而雙模態濾波器正可符合面積小之設計，但其正交(orthogonal)輸出入與嚴重的混附波響應則大大的限制其應用。由傳輸線與網路理論分析，吾人發現一對傳輸零點的產生乃根據交錯式耦合效應，因此只要能提供產生交錯式耦合效應之設計，正交輸出入則不再需要。且吾人亦提出一簡易有效率之方法來壓抑混附波響應，所根據的理論乃破壞高次諧波的耦合來獲得良好的壓抑。於文中提出各兩種非正交輸出入與混附波壓抑之雙模態濾波器來佐證與說明吾人之理論與觀點。
通訊系統的線性度、增益與雜訊主要取決於放大器之特性。因此良好的放大器特性將決定通訊系統的優劣，其中低雜訊放大器(low noise amplifier，LNA)對於整體接收機影響甚鉅。此外，鏡像(image)與諧波(harmonics)信號的干擾對於系統之線性度與信號解調的判讀影響甚大。一般通訊架構皆以外加一濾波器來獲得改善，但此法卻會產生多餘的損失與過大的面積。有鑑於此，吾人以設計多功能元件為概念來設計LNA，亦即保有所需通帶之特性外，能同時壓抑鏡像與高次諧波之用。此外，吾人亦考量封裝時所衍生之整體封裝接地效應於設計中，並成功運用其所產生之package-induced cross-coupling effect於高次協波之壓抑，且有超過40dB之壓抑。對於元件與系統線性度有重大的改善。
在設計被動元件時，品質因數一直是重要設計參數之一。於主動元件或是系統設計時，卻鮮少有相關之研究。由雜訊與傳輸線匹配網路分析中可發現，品質因數對於雜訊指數有接近反比之定性趨勢；在匹配網路中則影響理想電感與電容的實現。因此，於論文則先探討品質因數對於雜訊與匹配電路之影響；其次對於所使用基板的微波介電特性，吾人提出一改善型雙傳輸線法來精準量測。精確獲得基板介電特性與品質因數將有助於元件與系統的良好設計。最後，吾人設計實做一放大器來說明與驗證品質因數對元件特性之影響。
最後，吾人會對於博士論文的研究做一總結。隨後，高品質因數之電容與電感設計於半導體基板上以及系統整合信號完整性分析的相關研究主題將會被討論。

With rapid growth of wireless local area network (WLAN), the trends of high video/sound/data transmission and internet everywhere are increased day by day. Thus, the requirements of compact size, light weight and high performance are necessary; in addition, the trends of multi-function and multi-band operations in a module are also more important in communication products design. It means that people can communicate everywhere and every time, and make our life rich, leading to portable and wearable personal communication services. With progresses of communication technologies the specifications of devices and systems are more and more strict so that easy to fabrication and multi-function components will become main streams. However, the stricter specifications of systems will lead the engineers difficult to design; besides, nonlinear effects will demonstrate the overall characteristics of communication systems. Therefore, nonlinear effects of components would be studied in this dissertation. For our purposes, these nonlinear effects would be cancelled or suppressed without increasing component size and changing passband characteristics. Moreover, effects of quality factors on components are also studied and demonstrated by design an amplifier.
At first, we introduce the communication protocols to study the requirements of components and systems, and to give an example of IEEE 802 series standards. In order to meet our purposes we also compare with trends of industry markets and scholarly researches to be our knowledge.
Suppressions of nonlinear effects have been proposed by using the concept of photonic bandgap (PBG), including electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) and defected ground structure (DGS). Their applications are widely in antennas, filters, power amplifiers, voltage-controlled oscillators, mixers etc. However, design of PBG structure is more difficult due to its complex theory and many structure parameters. Therefore, based on transmission-line model and lowpass filter prototype the DGS structures are used to study and qualitative analyze. In our study, different periods of DGS structures would cause different performances, such as wider stopband bandwidth and higher stopband attenuations. Moreover, a cross-shape DGS (CSDGS) structure is proposed and its physical model is also established. Good-in-band passband flatness, high attenuation rate and ultra-wide stopband bandwidth can be given in proposed CSDGS structure. To consider the package problem the proposed CSDGS structure can be integrated easily with multi-layer design and SIP (system in packaging) techniques.
Filters are important key components due to their high selectivity. However, large size and nonlinear effect of spurious response are their serious problems. One advantage of dual-mode filters is small size, however, orthogonal input/output (I/O) and spurious responses are limited its applications. Based on transmission-line model and network theory, a pair of transmission zeros are generated by cross-coupling effect, meaning that if we can provide a solution to generation of cross-coupling effect, then the orthogonal I/O should be not necessary. Moreover, high-order modes are also affected by I/O configurations. It means that the spurious responses can be controlled or suppressed by different I/O configurations. Therefore, we propose a simple approach of irregularly distributing high-order mode to suppress spurious responses. Finally, two types of non-orthogonal I/O and other two types of spurious suppression dual-mode filters are designed to demonstrate.
How to suppress image and harmonic signals has been an important issue in design of the superheterodyne architectures. Due to system linearity and IQ modulation, image and harmonic signals should be suppressed. Therefore, we propose the image-rejection low noise amplifier (LNA) without increasing element order by using a classical filter synthesis method to matching networks. Moreover, to consider packaging grounding problems the package-induced cross-coupling effect is studied to suppress harmonic signals. Finally, both image and harmonic signals can be suppressed in a LNA at the same time.
Quality factor is an essential design consideration on passive devices, such as antennas and filters. In this dissertation, quality factors of substrates are studied to analyze effects on active components, including noise figure and realization of ideal lumped-element. In order to provide a complete solution, the improved DLTL (different-length transmission-line) method is proposed to accurately measure dielectric characteristics of substrates for a wide band and both of electric properties and physical meanings have studied, as well. Moreover, a compound component of amplifier with high selectivity and wide stopband bandwidth is designed to demonstrate the effect of quality factor.
Finally, the proposed concept and design method can be widely applied to each component and fabrication technology, such as LTCC technique. Then, design and fabrication of high-Q capacitance and inductance on the substrates of semi-conductors will be future works. Moreover, signal integrity is also an important study.

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