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研究生：	陳靖綸 Chen, Ching-Lun
論文名稱：	心靈領導,組織變革不確定性,領導者與部屬的交換關係及變革承諾之關係探討: 以召喚/意義及歸屬感為中介變數 An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Spiritual Leadership, Organisational Change Uncertainty, Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), and Commitment to Change: The Mediating Effects of Meaning/Calling and Membership
指導教授：	余明助 Yu, Ming-Chu
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所碩士在職專班 Institute of International Management (IIMBA--Master)(on the job class)
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	86
中文關鍵詞：	心靈領導、組織變革不確定性、變革承諾、領導者與部屬的交換關係
外文關鍵詞：	Spiritual Leadership, Organisational Change Uncertainty, Commitment to Change, Leader-Member Exchange (LMX)
相關次數：	點閱：131 下載：7
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本研究的目的是在於探討台灣中小企業員工受到面臨組織變革之影響，並研究如何降低員工抗拒組織變革。心靈領導、組織變革不確定性、變革承諾、領導者與屬員的交換關係將在此研究討論。
所得到的研究結果如下：
1.心靈領導與召喚/意義、歸屬感以及變革承諾呈正向的關係。
2.組織變革不確定性及組織變革承諾與心靈領導呈現反向的關係。
3.心靈領導與領導者與部屬的交換關係呈正向關係。
4.召喚/意義及歸屬感在心靈領導級組織變革承諾，產生正向的中介關係。

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact on employees of SMEs in Taiwan when they face organisational change. Associating with leader and subordinate could be eliminated possible resistance of organisational change. The relationships between spiritual leadership, organisational change uncertainty, leader-member exchange (LMX), and commitment to change would be evaluated.
The data collection was conducted 200 questionnaires to SMEs employees. There were in return of 173 sets of valid questionnaires. The data were measured by factor analysis, reliability test, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the relationships among these constructs of the structural model.
The findings of this study are listed as follows:
1. There is a positive relationship between spiritual leadership and calling/meaning and membership, and commitment to change.
2. Spiritual leadership is negatively related to organisational change uncertainty, as well as has a negative relationship to commitment to change.
3. Spiritual leadership is positively related to LMX.
4. Highly involving of meaning/calling and membership will be positively mediated the relationship between spiritual leadership and commitment to change.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT......I
摘要......II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......III
TABLE OF CONTENTS......IV
LIST OF TABLES......VIII
LIST OF FIGURES......IX
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION......1
1.1 Research Motivation.......1
1.2 Research Objective.......2
1.3 Research Process and Structure.......2
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW......4
2.1 Organisational Change.......4
2.1.1 Introduction.......4
2.1.2 Organisational Change Models.......5
2.2 Organisational Change Uncertainty.......8
2.2.1 Concepts of Organisational Change Uncertainty.......8
2.2.2 Causes of Organisational Change Uncertainty.......9
2.3 Spiritual Leadership.......10
2.3.1 Vision......14
2.3.2 Hope/Faith......14
2.3.3 Altruistic Love......14
2.3.4 Meaning/Calling......14
2.3.5 Membership......15
2.4 Leader-Member Exchange.......15
2.4.1 Overview.......15
2.5 Change Commitment.......18
2.5.1 Organisational Commitment.......18
2.5.2 Commitment to Change.......19
2.6 The Relationship between Variables.......19
2.6.1 The Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Meaning/Calling and Membership......19
2.6.2 The Relationship between Meaning/Calling and Membership and Commitment to Change.......21
2.6.3 The Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Organisational Change Uncertainty.......21
2.6.4 The Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX).......23
2.6.5 The Relationship between Organisational Change Uncertainty and Commitment to Change.......24
2.6.6 The Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Commitment to Change.......24
2.6.7 The Mediating Effect of Meaning/Calling and Membership......25
2.6.8 The Mediating Effect of Organisational Change Uncertainty.......26
2.6.9 The Mediating Effect of Leader-Member Exchange.......27
CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY......29
3.1 Research Design.......29
3.1.1 Conceptual Model.......29
3.1.2 Hypotheses Test.......30
3.2 Construct Measurement.......31
3.2.1 Organisational Change Uncertainty.......31
3.2.2 Spiritual Leadership.......34
3.2.3 Leader-Member Exchange (LMX).......36
3.2.4 Commitment to Change.......37
3.3 Sampling Plan.......38
3.4 Data Analysis.......40
3.4.1 Construct Reliability, Construct and Convergent Validity of the Measurement Variables.......40
3.4.2 Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis.......41
CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH RESULT......42
4.1 Descriptive Analysis.......42
4.1.1 Sample and Data Collection.......42
4.1.2 Characteristics of Respondents.......43
4.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis.......45
4.2.1 CFA for Spiritual Leadership.......45
4.2.2 CFA for Meaning/Calling.......47
4.2.3 CFA for Membership.......48
4.2.4 CFA for Organisational Change Uncertainty.......49
4.2.5 CFA for Leader-Member Exchange.......50
4.2.6 CFA for Commitment to Change.......52
4.2.7 Construct Validity.......53
4.3 Structural Equation Modelling.......54
4.3.1 Path Analysis.......54
4.3.2 Model Validity Assessment.......58
4.3.3 Mediating Effects of Variables.......63
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS	......65
5.1 Research Conclusions and Discussions.......65
5.2 Research Contributions.......68
5.2.1 Theoretical Contribution.......69
5.2.2 Practical Contribution.......69
5.3 Limitations and Future Research Directions.......70
REFERENCES......71
APPENDICES......77
Appendix 1: Questionnaire (English version).......77
Appendix 2: Questionnaire (traditional Chinese version).......83
 
List of Tables
Table 2-1 Organisational Change Model......7
Table 2-2 Statements on Sense of Meaning and Purpose......20
Table 3-1 Organisational Change Uncertainty Questionnaire Items......32
Table 3-2 Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire Items......35
Table 3-3 Leader-Member Exchange Questionnaire Items......37
Table 3-4 Commitment to Change Questionnaire Items......37
Table 4-1 Characteristics of Respondents......44
Table 4-2 CFA Result for Spiritual Leadership......45
Table 4-3 CFA Result for Meaning/Calling......47
Table 4-4 CFA Result for Membership......48
Table 4-5 CFA Result for Organisational Change Uncertainty......49
Table 4-6 CFA Result for Leader-Member Exchange......51
Table 4-7 CFA Result for Commitment to Change......52
Table 4-8 Construct Validity of the Model Variables......53
Table 4-9 SEM Results for Model Path Analysis......56
Table 4-10 Characteristic of Different Fit Indices Demonstrating Goodness-of-Fit Across Different Model Situations......62
Table 5-1 Summary of Research Hypotheses......65
 
List of Figures
Figure 1-1. The flow of research......3
Figure 2-1. Causal model of spiritual leadership......12
Figure 2-2. Qualities of spiritual leadership......13
Figure 2-3. Model of spiritual leadership......13
Figure 3-1. The conceptual model......29
Figure 4-1. Structural equation model for conceptual model and model fitindices......61
                                    

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