短生命週期產品具有高度需求不確定性、銷售季節短暫與生產前置時間長之特性。報童模式即為在此類產品市場中，以最大化整體供應鏈期望利潤或最小化期望成本為目標，制定零售商最佳決策的方法。而為了彌補產品需求不確定對零售商造成的損失，製造商大多採取協商機制，透過利益分享的方式，誘使零售商訂購更多產品，以達成通路協商與雙贏的雙重目標。

本研究在一個包含單一製造商與單一零售商的二階層供應鏈中，針對短生命週期產品及考量價格對需求的影響，建構兩期動態定價的Stackelberg賽局理論模型，探討製造商如何以全單位數量折扣作為協商機制，來影響零售商的訂購和定價決策。最後透過求解模型並代入數值驗證後發現，全單位數量折扣確實能夠最大化整體供應鏈的期望利潤與提高供應鏈各成員的獲利，達到通路協商及雙贏的目標。

This thesis considers a two-period dynamic pricing model of a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer to investigate the optimal decisions of the members. It assumes that the supply chain faces a stochastic price-sensitive demand of a short-life-cycle product, and the retailer can purchase the products once before the selling season. The problem is analyzed as a Stackelberg game in which the manufacturer acts as the leader by announcing all-units wholesale quantity discount pricing scheme to the retailer and then the retailer acts as the follower by determining his retail prices and order quantity. We show that all-units wholesale quantity discount can achieve channel coordination and a win-win outcome by using revenue-sharing mechanism when demand has a linear additive form and the random factor is uniformly distributed. Finally, we present a simple numerical example to illustrate the findings and gain more managerial insights.

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