本研究旨在探討尼泊爾加德滿都谷地（Kathmandu Valley）的城市、建築與古印度關於城市規劃和建築建造的指南：「瓦思杜（Vāstu-Shāstra）」之關係。尼泊爾位在西藏與印度之間，長期為宗教、貿易、文化上的重要樞紐之一，且尼泊爾在歷史上有許多民族和政權來自印度，使其社會生活和空間深受印度影響；而尼泊爾至今仍以印度宗教（印度教、佛教）為主要信仰，千年來不曾中斷；類似瓦思杜的觀念亦在尼泊爾的史料手稿中出現。故本研究以瓦思杜理論與谷地社會和空間印度化達到頂峰的馬拉時期（Malla Dynasty）的三座主要城市：加德滿都（Kathmandu）、帕坦（Patan）、巴克塔布（Bhaktapur），與兩種類型的建築：宗教建築、民居建築，作為比較、探討的對象；並以「建築作為真實的再現」作為研究方法，綜整出兩者的異同，並對其提出可能的詮釋與推測。

瓦思杜典籍所提及的內容與加德滿都城市與建築的史料兩者可大致分為形態、朝向、層級來作討論。首先探討城市，在形態的部分，紋理的構成包含貿易路線、統治者的幾何規劃分區或尺寸系統、各時期城市的蔓延擴張與紋理的疊加；朝向部分則受周圍自然環境、重要廟宇方位或印度宇宙觀影響；層級的部分展現在不同種姓的住區和城市機能分布、八位女神（Matrikas）的聖所與儀式繞行上。在宗教建築，形態的部分探討其平面形狀、布局和立面外觀之比例與向心性；朝向則以基準四方位、周遭重要參照物、太陽方位為主要依據；層級上則呈現在機能分布、越中心越神聖與儀式中的順時針繞行。最後為民居建築，於形態討論其形狀與合院式的空間；在朝向部分如實呈現其不規則的狀態；層級部分則以垂直分布的空間機能、非神聖到神聖空間的過渡呈現。

在研究過程中將加德滿都谷地空間與瓦思杜相關條文相對照、整理並詮釋之後，發現兩者之間的關係並非單純的相同或相異—就如瓦思杜傳播至其他地區之後，產生了因地制宜的應用模式，而尼泊爾也不例外—某些是新加入的觀念，某些則是融合既有在地觀念後強化；這些影響並非制式地套用單一準則、被動接受或被同化，而是根據各自的宗教信仰、社會制度、地理環境和本地建造習慣與美學等，相互融合與創新，有彈性地各自詮釋，呈現尼泊爾獨特的建成環境與發展。

The thesis attempts to discuss the relationship between urban planning and architecture in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal and Vāstu-Shāstra, the Indian theories of architecture closely related to Hindu thought. The scope mainly focuses on Malla Dynasty, and the objectives of this research are the Vāstu-Shāstra treatises, and three major cities: Kathmandu, Patan, Bhaktapur, and two types of architecture: religious buildings as well as residential buildings. The methods used follows the paradigm of ‘architecture as a representation of realities’, the similarities and differences between the two are then organized and analyzed.

The objectives are discussed in three aspects: configuration, orientation, and hierarchy in each chapter. It is found that the planning and design of cities and architecture are not only influenced by Vāstu-Shāstra but also by trade routes, planning of rulers, caste system, natural environment, significant temples, local beliefs, and Indian cosmology, etc. The issue between Vāstu-Shāstra and spaces of the Kathmandu Valley is not simply similarities or differences, but various applications that adapt to local conditions, some are added concepts, and some are strengthened after integrating with existing local ideas. These demonstrate the unique building environment and development of Nepal.

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