古典電動力學裡面，電磁波之間沒有交互作用。然而，在量子電動力學中，量子漲落的擾動讓光子間有交互作用。本論文探討在量子電動力學裡，光子糾纏態的演化。

It is known that classical EM wave do not interact. However for quantized EM field, the quantum fluctuation effects produce scattering between photons. In this work we discuss the evolution of photon entanglement due to this scattering process in the framework of QED.

[1] P. W. Shor(1994), Algorithms for quantum computation: Discrete logarithms and factoring, Proc. 35nd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (Shafi Goldwasser, ed.), IEEE Computer Society Press, pp.124-134.
[2] W. K. Wootters and W. H. Zurek(1982), “A single quantum cannot be cloned”, Nature 299 pp.802.
[3] D. Dieks(1982), “Communication by EPR devices”, Phys. Lett. A 92(6) 271.
[4] V. Buzek and M. Hillery(2001), “Quantum cloning”, Physics World pp.14.
[5] C. Bennett and S.J. Wiesner(1992). “Communication via one- and two-particle operators on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states.”, Phys. Rev. Lett, 69 pp.2881.
[6] C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crepeau, R, Jozsa, A. Peres, and W. K. Wooters (1993), “Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 pp. 1895-1899.
[7] J. Pachos and E. Solano(2003), “Generation and degree of entanglement in a relativistic formulation”, QIC 3, pp.115 , quant − ph/0203065.
[8] Ru-Fen Liu and Chia-Chu Chen(2003), “Generation and Evolution of Spin Entanglement in Non-relativistic QED”, Phys. Rev. A 68, 044302.
[9] A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen(1935), “Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?”, Phys. Rev. 47, pp.777.
[10] J. S. Bell(1966), On the problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 38, pp.447.
[11] J. S. Bell(1964), On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox, Physics 1, 3, pp.195-200.
[12] Alain Aspect, Philippe Grangier and Gérard Roger(1981), Experimental tests of realistic local theories via Bell's theorem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, pp.460–463.
[13] C. E. Shannon(1948), "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", Bell System Technical Journal 27 (3) P379–423.
[14] O. Halpern(1933), “Scattering processes produced by electrons in negative energy states”, Phys. Rev. 44, 855.
[15] B. De Tollis(1964), “Dispersive approach to photon-photon scattering”, Il Nuovo Cimento Series 10. Volume 32, pp.757-768.
[16] B. De Tollis(1965), "The scattering of photons by photons", Il Nuovo Cimento Series 10, Volume 35, Issue 4, 1182-1193.
[17] V. B. Berestetskii, L. P. Pitaevskii and E.M. Lifshitz(1982), Quantum Electrodynamics: Volume 4 of Course of Theoretical Physics(Second Edition), New York: Prgamon Press.
[18] R.Karplus and M.Neuman(1950), “Non-linear interactions between electromagnetic fields”, Phys. Rev. Vol.80, pp.3.
[19] R.Karplus and M.Neuman(1951), “The Scattering of Light by Light”, Phys. Rev. Vol.83 pp.4.
[20] G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman(1972), “Regularization and renormalization of gauge fields”, Nuclear Physics B Volume 44, Issue 1 pp.189–213.
[21] [W. Pauli and F. Villars(1949), “On the invariant regularization in relativistic quantum theory”, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21 pp.434–444.