臺灣位於板塊聚合帶與西北太平洋颱風主要路徑上，山區長期受到地震與豪雨事件影響，造成頻繁之崩塌災害。地震除直接誘發崩塌外，亦可能降低坡地穩定性，使後續降雨事件更容易觸發崩塌；而不同地區之地形條件、災害歷程及治理措施差異，亦可能影響崩塌恢復過程及其對降雨之敏感性。因此，探討不同類型流域於降雨擾動下之崩塌演化特性，對於瞭解臺灣山區崩塌發展機制具有重要意義。
本研究以臺灣八個具代表性山區研究區為對象，包括甲仙、來義、廬山、國姓、坪林、烏來、秀林及南澳等地區，依據主要災害類型及治理程度劃分為極端事件型、長期滑動型、集水區控制型及高頻事件型等四類研究區，並區分高治理與低治理條件進行比較分析。
研究方法主要採用崩塌比在不同因子分組條件下之時序變化，探討崩塌比與高程、坡度、坡向、年雨量、年強降雨天數之關係，並比較不同類型研究區於各因子分組崩塌比變化之特性。此外，也透過評估各類型研究區之治理措施、地形條件及災害歷程觀察崩塌恢復之過程。
研究結果顯示，不同類型研究區之崩塌演化模式具有顯著差異。極端事件型、長期滑動型、集水區控制型多數崩塌發生於中低高程區域，崩塌發生時坡度大之區域有明顯崩塌；而高頻事件型研究區崩塌比大小與高程呈現正相關且崩塌發生時所有坡度分組皆會升高，而非僅坡度大之區域崩塌明顯。而經過積極治理之高治理研究區在治理過後崩塌比對降雨量及降雨事件敏感性下降，與年雨量相關性會呈現弱相關，而低度治理研究區之崩塌比與年雨量呈現中度相關。總而言之，本研究旨在觀察不同環境經不同治理手段或自然演化之崩塌恢復與穩定過程。

Taiwan is located within an active tectonic collision zone and along the primary typhoon track of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. As a result, mountainous regions are frequently affected by heavy rainfall events and landslide hazards. In addition to triggering landslides directly, environmental disturbances may alter slope stability and increase susceptibility to subsequent rainfall-induced failures. Furthermore, variations in topographic conditions, disturbance histories, and management practices may influence landslide recovery processes and rainfall sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the evolution of landslide activity under different environmental settings is essential for improving landslide hazard management in Taiwan.
This study selected eight representative mountainous watersheds in Taiwan, including Jiaxian, Laiyi, Lushan, Guoxing, Pinglin, Wulai, Xiulin, and Nanao. Based on dominant disturbance characteristics and management levels, the study areas were classified into four categories: extreme-event type, long-term sliding type, watershed-controlled type, and high-frequency-event type. Each category was further divided into highly managed and less-managed groups for comparative analysis.
Landslide ratio was adopted as the primary indicator to evaluate landslide activity. Temporal variations in landslide ratios were analyzed with respect to elevation, slope, aspect, annual rainfall, and annual heavy-rainfall days. The relationships between landslide ratio and environmental factors were examined, and the recovery processes of different watersheds were evaluated through comparisons of geomorphic characteristics, disturbance histories, and management practices.
The results indicate that distinct landslide evolution patterns exist among different watershed types. Extreme-event, long-term sliding, and watershed-controlled areas generally exhibited higher landslide ratios at low to middle elevations, while high-frequency-event watersheds showed increasing landslide ratios with elevation. Slope was positively correlated with landslide ratio in all study areas. Highly managed watersheds demonstrated substantially reduced rainfall sensitivity after large-scale restoration and mitigation projects, whereas less-managed watersheds maintained moderate correlations between landslide ratio and rainfall conditions. Overall, the findings suggest that both watershed characteristics and management strategies play important roles in controlling landslide recovery and stabilization processes.

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