近年來，全世界兒童氣喘盛行率有持續升高的趨勢，許多研究顯示居家環境中各種室內空氣污染物與生物性致敏原的暴露可能會提高過敏性呼吸道疾病產生的機率。通風是影響室內空氣品質的重要因子，而且適當的通風換氣率可有效地稀釋室內空氣污染物濃度，但目前增加通風換氣效率可改善因室內空氣污染物所引發兒童健康效應的直接相關性研究仍有限。故本篇研究將藉由氣喘兒童最大呼氣量及相關呼吸道症狀之紀錄與居家環境中通風換氣效率及室內環境採樣等資料，進一步探討通風換氣效率與誘發呼吸道症狀表現之間的相關性。
本研究針對台南地區學齡兒童進行問卷調查，隨機選取呼吸道較敏感的氣喘兒童為研究對象，再分別針對受訪兒童的房間進行二氧化碳（Carbon dioxide；CO2）濃度衰減法測量通風換氣效率，環境採樣則包括室內空氣污染物量測、活性真菌及細菌採樣與灰塵過敏原採集，健康紀錄包括最大呼氣流量與健康日誌。最後利用迴歸分析探討通風換氣效率與室內空氣污染物暴露濃度與誘發兒童呼吸道症狀表現之相關性。
本研究分別在冬季與春季完成台南地區23間氣喘兒童房間內之通風換氣率量測、環境採樣與健康記錄。結果發現在冬季，兒童房間通風換氣率與室內空氣污染物二氧化碳（CO2）、懸浮微粒（particulate air pollution with a diameter ≤10μm；PM10）及總揮發性有機物質（Total Volatile Organic Compounds；TVOCs）濃度有統計上顯著的負相關；兒童房間通風換氣率與兒童晨間、傍晚、晚上及平均尖峰呼氣流量（Peak Expiratory Flow Rate；PEFR）亦有統計上顯著正相關。Multivariate logistic regression分析通風換氣率及室內空氣污染物與兒童呼吸道症狀之相關性（Odds Ratio；OR），結果顯示，在冬季控制性別、居家特性及室內空氣污染物變項之後，兒童房間通風換氣率高於2.18（1/h），兒童發生打噴嚏機率的危險對比值是房間通風換氣率低於2.18（1/h）的0.97倍（OR＝0.97；95% C.I. 0.05~4.04）；兒童房間PM10濃度高於210.18μg/m3，兒童發生晨間尖峰呼氣流量（PEFR）低於預測值80%（即呼吸道症狀之發生）機率的危險對比值是兒童房間PM10濃度低於210.18μg/m3的3.96倍（OR＝3.96；95% C.I. 0.07~3.95）；兒童房間室塵蟎過敏原（Der p1）濃度高於3.78μg/g，兒童發生晨間尖峰呼氣流量（PEFR）低於正常預測值80%機率的危險對比值是房間室塵蟎過敏原（Der p1）濃度高於3.78μg/g的2.54倍（OR＝2.54；95% C.I. 0.07~3.89）。
整體而言，冬季兒童房間通風換氣率較高，則室內懸浮微粒（PM10）濃度較低，兒童尖峰呼氣流量（PEFR）較高。而兒童房間之室內空氣污染物懸浮微粒（PM10）濃度較高，則兒童尖峰呼氣流量（PEFR）降低，但在春季卻無發現此現象，因此推論在冬季若氣喘兒童房間通風換氣率較高，則可有效地稀釋因室內人員活動及燃燒行為增加的懸浮微粒（PM10）濃度，進而降低兒童發生尖峰呼氣流量（PEFR）低於正常預測值80%的機率。顯示以台灣地區的居家結構、環境特質與生活習性而言，在冬季提高通風換氣率仍可減緩若干兒童呼吸道症狀的表現頻率。

Increasing prevalence of childhood asthma is observed throughout the world, and levels of indoor pollution, including bioaerosol exposure, is suggested to be attributable to such a rise. Studies have implied that adequate ventilation can be effective in diluting concentrations of most indoor pollutants, while less is known, with specific and direct evidence, whether increasing ventilation rate can result in improving childhood respiratory health. This study aimed to examine the concentration distribution of general indoor air pollutants and bioaerosols in domestic environment, and further to assess the effects of ventilation rate, characterized by a CO2 trace gas concentration decay method, on concentration variations of the above-mentioned air pollutants. Health performance and pulmonary function tests of study children are recorded for further evaluation of the relationships between indoor air pollutant concentrations and reporting childhood respiratory symptoms and diseases. Twenty-three homes with asthmatic children were completed with the ventilation rate measurement, environmental sampling and health data collection, one in winter and one repeated in spring.
An adverse relationship was found between ventilation rate and indoor concentrations of CO2 across seasons, yet, only in winter when indoor concentrations of PM10 were substantially elevated through increasing human and combustions activity. In winter, after adjustment for age, selected housing characteristics and indoor air pollitants, the OR between ventilation rate and the sneeze of study children is 0.97, and the 3.96 for between indoor PM10 concentrations and the morning PEFR less than 80%. The OR between indoor dust mite allergen (Der p1) and the morning PEFR less than 80% of study children was 2.54 in a multivariate logistic regression.
High PM10 levels in winter season appeared to be associated with worsened airway hypersensitivity in asthmatic children, and greater air change rate, in contrast, with improving lung function. Increasing ventilation rate is therefore considered a meaningful protective factor for reporting of respiratory symptoms in asthmatic children. Therefore, better management of ventilation efficiency may be beneficial for the control of childhood respiratory illnesses in this country.

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