高功率放大器與混頻器是通訊系統中相當重要的關鍵性零組件，在發射器的應用上，混頻器是將中頻訊號提升至射頻，高功率放大器則將射頻訊號提升到足以到達接收機的準位，在經由天線發射出去。隨著無線通訊系統往高頻發展的趨勢，GaAs PHEMT逐漸扮演重要的角色，而單晶微波積體電路（MMIC）具有微型化與整合的優點，因此本論文利用砷化鎵單晶製程，提出許多功率放大器及混頻器單晶微波積體電路。
在放大器方面，設計Ku頻段與C頻段放大器。在Ku頻段通訊系統裡，小面積與低成本的功率放大器一直是追求的目標之一，因此本論文提出一個兩級6.5瓦的功率放大器，其面積只有8.55 mm2，與以往兩級的功率放大器比較，具有最高的輸出功率密度(760 mW/mm2)，在此頻帶中提出另一個功率放大器，在其輸出匹配電路上，採用分佈式元件(distributed elements)來降低匹配電路所帶來的損耗繼而增加功率輸出效率，此放大器達到最大輸出功率為9瓦，是目前Ku頻段中具有最大輸出功率的單晶微波積體電路。在C頻段功率放大器上，利用半增強型(quasi-enhancement mode)PHEMT製程，完成一個只需單一偏壓的2瓦放大器，對於通訊系統的應用上，不需要使用直流轉換器來產生負電，而能滿足低成本的需求且降低系統的複雜度。
在混頻器方面，採用二極體作為混頻器的非線性元件，電路設計包含單平衡式、雙平衡式與次諧波混頻器。在單平衡混頻器的研究上，利用馬遜巴倫(Marchand balun)設計一個Ku/K頻段的單平衡式混頻器。在雙平衡式混頻器的研究上，由一個180°混成器(Hybrid)與兩個馬遜巴倫取代傳統使用一對馬遜巴倫的對稱平衡式架構，具有縮小面積與中頻訊號引出的便易性。另外，因為高頻高輸出功率的本地振盪器不容易達成，因此二極體混頻器在高頻的應用上，通常採用兩種作法，第一種作法為加偏壓於二極體，使得二極體本身不需較大的本地振盪功率輸出即可達到較高的轉換增益，因此本論文提出一個整合偏壓電路的雙平衡式混頻器，並探討其轉換增益隨著偏壓的變化，第二種方法為採用次諧波混頻器，在次諧波混頻器的研究上，利用反並聯式配對二極體(anti-parallel diode pair)的特性，設計一個新型的K/Ka頻段次諧波混頻器，採用一方向耦合器將RF訊號與LO訊號結合輸入至反並聯式配對二極體，除了其本身寬頻特性以外，也具有阻抗轉換功能，使得LO、RF與二極體對匹配容易，在電路設計上更加彈性。此外，結合雙平衡式架構的固有優點，設計一個Ka頻帶雙平衡式次諧波混頻器，利用兩個螺旋電感互繞式的巴倫(spiral balun)及一個LC諧振槽(LC-Tank)，具有小面積與增加中頻訊號頻寬的優點。

Among the RF stages of wireless communication systems, power amplifiers and mixers are essential components. In the transmitter, the mixer converts the IF signal to the RF signal. The power amplifier is used to amplify the RF signal until the receiving level of the receiver. Then the antenna converts the RF signal to a propagating electromagnetic plane wave. As wireless communication systems operating in the high frequency are becoming more prevalent, the GaAs PHEMT becomes a very important device. Monolithic Microwave/millimeter-wave Integrated Circuits (MMICs) have many advantages, including high integration, small size, low cost, and so on. Therefore, the main purpose of this dissertation is to develop and research microwave and millimeter-wave power amplifiers and mixers based on the GaAs PHEMT MMIC processes.
In the research of the power amplifier, the design, fabrication, and measured performance of power amplifiers operating at Ku band and C band will be presented. With the growth of Ku-band commercial wireless systems, the demands of high power amplifier (HPA) at small size and low cost have been significantly increased. In this dissertation, a two-stage 6.5W HPA with chip size of 8.55 mm2 is proposed. Compared with published Ku-band two-stage HPA MMICs, it exhibits the highest output power density (760 mW/mm2). The other Ku-band HPA, whose output matching network uses distributed elements to reduce the insertion loss and consequently increase the power-added efficiency (PAE), is also proposed. The maximum output power of this MMIC is 39.5 dBm (9W), which shows the highest output power at Ku band reported to date. A C-band single-supply 2W HPA using quasi-enhancement mode PHEMT is achieved. Without additional DC-to-DC converter, it can be easy to realize with low cost and less system complexity for system applications.
In the research of the diode mixer, the topologies of diode mixers proposed in this dissertation include single-balanced, double-balanced and sub-harmonic mixers. In the single-balanced configuration, a Ku/K band single-balanced mixer with a Marchand balun is developed. In the double-balanced configuration, a novel double-balanced mixer (DBM) utilizing a 180° hybrid and two Marchand baluns is also demonstrated. It has significant advantages of smaller size and simple IF extraction over the conventional star mixers.
Because it is difficult to realize a high output power oscillator operating at high frequency band, there are two methods to prevent diode mixers from using the high frequency and high power oscillator. The first method is to add bias voltages into Schottky diodes so that the good conversion gain can be obtained under the condition of lower LO power. Hence, a DBM integrated with a voltage control path is proposed. In addition, how the conversion gain varied with different bias voltages is also investigated in this mixer. The other method is to adopt the sub-harmonic mixer. In the research of sub-harmonic mixer, based on the principle of an anti-parallel diode pair (APDP), a novel K/Ka band sub-harmonic is developed. This mixer employs a directional coupler, LC low-pass filter, and a short stub for isolating three ports corresponding to RF, LO input, and IF output ports. The directional coupler also provides impedance transformation between the diode pair, RF, and LO ports. This makes the sub-harmonic mixer more compact and flexible. Based on the inherent advantages of double-balanced topology, a Ka-band double-balanced sub-harmonic mixer is also proposed. With two spiral baluns and a LC tank, it has the advantages of compact size and wider IF bandwidth.

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