本研究運用有限元素分析 (Finite Element Method, FEM) 軟體 Abaqus 結合實驗數據，對 3D 列印而成之新穎材料的力學行為進行數值模擬。研究針對三個部分：超彈體材料 (離子凝膠) 、壓電材料 (共熔凝膠) 及熱固耦合機制 (模擬自修復過程) 進行深入探討。
對於超彈體材料，本研究採用 Yeoh 模型擬合實驗數據，成功模擬 3D 列印之機械手臂的充氣與卸壓行為。結果顯示材料具高度穩定性，即使大變形後仍能恢復原狀。此外，透過數值模擬結果，可推測實驗中機械手臂內部氣壓約 30 kPa，且在模型凹陷處易產生應力集中。針對壓電材料，本研究將其簡化為彈塑性體，建立平板與錐體結構模型進行比較。模擬結果表明錐體結構產生更大應變與應力集中，故推論該模型可產生較高電容量，此模擬趨勢與實驗結果中錐體結構感測器靈敏度較高之發現相符，驗證了錐體結構在提升壓電材料電容量方面的潛力。最後，為探討新材料透過加熱實現的自修復特性，研究以鋼板銲接過程為例進行熱固耦合模擬，採用高斯面熱源模型進行數值分析，成功模擬出銲接後鋼板內部的殘餘應力分布，這些殘餘應力分布特性與相關文獻研究結果一致，驗證了熱固耦合模擬的可行性。
本研究透過有限元素數值模擬與實驗數據的整合分析，成功驗證了 3D 列印超彈體材料和壓電材料的力學行為特性，並為探討材料熱固耦合機制建立了基礎。研究成果不僅為新穎材料的開發、設計與應用提供了重要的理論依據與技術支持，亦有助於減少實驗試驗成本與時間，提升研究效率。

This study utilizes the Finite Element Method (FEM) software Abaqus, in combination with experimental data, to numerically simulate the mechanical behavior of novel 3D-printed materials. The research focuses on three key aspects: hyperelastic materials (ionogels), piezoelectric materials (eutectic gels), and thermo-mechanical coupling mechanisms (simulating self-healing processes).
For hyperelastic materials, the Yeoh model was used to fit the experimental data and successfully simulate the inflation and deflation behavior of a 3D-printed robotic arm. The results demonstrated that the material exhibited high stability and was capable of returning to its original shape even after large deformations. Moreover, the simulation results indicated that the internal air pressure of the robotic arm during the experiment was approximately 30 kPa, and stress concentration tended to occur in the concave regions of the model.
Regarding the piezoelectric materials, they were simplified as elastoplastic materials, and both flat and conical structure models were developed for comparison. The simulation results showed that the conical structure generated greater strain and stress concentrations, suggesting that it could achieve higher capacitance. This trend aligns with experimental observations that sensors with a conical structure exhibit higher sensitivity, confirming the potential of this design in enhancing the capacitance of piezoelectric materials.
Finally, to explore the self-healing capability of novel materials through heating, the study simulated the welding process of steel plates as an example of thermo-mechanical coupling. A Gaussian surface heat source model was adopted for the numerical analysis, successfully reproducing the residual stress distribution within the welded steel plates. These results were consistent with those reported in the literature, validating the feasibility of the thermo-mechanical coupling simulation.
By integrating finite element simulation with experimental data, this research effectively verified the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed hyperelastic and piezoelectric materials, and established a foundation for investigating thermo-mechanical coupling mechanisms. The findings not only provide theoretical and technical support for the development, design, and application of novel materials, but also help reduce experimental costs and time, thereby improving research efficiency.

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