β-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸(β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, BMAA)是具有神經毒性的非蛋白質氨基酸，被視為導致關島型「肌肉萎縮性側索硬化症/帕金徵群癡呆綜合症」(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/ Parkinson–dementia complex, ALS/PDC)或阿茲海默症之高患病率與高死亡率的可能成因。BMAA可以被淡水及海洋中20餘種藍綠細菌合成，並經由食物鏈而有生物濃縮作用的現象，若存在於飲用水中會對民眾用水安全造成衝擊，因此調查水源中BMAA之流佈為水質管理重要的一環。本研究擬建立BMAA毒素之分析技術，並應用於水源之BMAA毒素監測以掌握潛在危害，進一步保障用水安全。
本研究利用固相萃取法及吹氮濃縮法兩種樣品濃縮法萃取藻體和環境水體BMAA，搭配液相層析串聯質譜儀進行分析，以了解樣品濃縮法的可行性。然而，在吹氮濃縮天然水BMAA部分，串聯質譜儀偵測BMAA有訊號值偏低的情形，故首先探討天然水中物質造成基質效應原因。後續則應用建立之分析技術在台灣本島5座水庫、金門2座水庫及馬祖2座水庫，進行BMAA毒素之調查以及優勢藻種產BMAA之能力。結果顯示高濃度磷酸根(PO43-)及碳酸根(CO32-)會干擾BMAA分析，且在濃縮後的天然水基質中亦會有訊號受抑制造成濃度低估情形。監測環境水體BMAA部分，台灣本島及離島共9座水庫中皆可以檢測到BMAA，其濃度範圍為0.04-2.59 μg-L-1；其中在7座水庫(77.8%)淨水廠之清水中發現BMAA存在。由於這些水庫均為飲用水水源，顯示BMAA對於民眾用水存在著一定程度的風險，建議未來需持續進行監測以進一步了解BMAA之濃度分布。

β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxic algal toxin, produced by many common cyanobacteria, has been associated with neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism–dementia complex and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, BMAA may pose potential health risks to the people who take cyanobacteria-laden water for drinking source. However, BMAA is difficult to analyze due to its low concentrations in naural water, and very limited information is available about the presence of BMAA in drinking water sources. Therefore, the objective of this study is to optimize the pretreatment processes to concentrate BMAA in environmental samples and to investigate the levels of BMAA in Taiwan’s source and drinking water. Two methods, solid phase extraction and nitrogen purging, were employed to concentrate BMAA in deionized water and natural water. A liquid chromatograph coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was then used to quantify BMAA concentration in water samples. The results showed that BMAA was detected in 9 reservoirs (100% detected) in Taiwan and in offshore islands, including raw water and finished water, and the concentrations were in the range of 0.04-2.59 μg-L-1. For nitrogen purging, the results showed that the matrix effects had influences on the response in LC/MS/MS of BMAA after concentrated for 25 folds. These results suggest that the BMAA concentrations measured may be underestimated in environmental samples, if using the current analytical methods.

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