肥胖已儼然成為先進國家日趨受到重視的公衛議題，伴隨著肥胖所衍生而來的相關疾病更形成健康上相當大的負擔，因此，體重控制成了文明人的重要課題之一，在各種調節體重的介入方法中，熱量限制 (caloric restriction, 以下簡稱CR) 和耐力運動 (endurance training) 是兩種相對健康且自然的方法。然而，減重過程所伴隨的骨質減小，卻又形成了另一健康上的隱憂。目的：本研究將探討熱量限制和耐力運動介入對雄性大鼠骨材料特性之影響。方法： 以週齡26週的SD雄性大鼠為實驗動物，依實驗設計分別給予熱量限制 (CR) 和耐力運動 (EXE) (訓練強度：16公尺/分鐘、60分鐘/天及5天/週介入)，實驗分組分成CON (n=12)、CR20% (n=12)、CR40% (n=12)及EXE (n=12) 等四組。動物犧牲後所得之骨骼樣本，進行骨密度及骨骼組織維度之量測，並以三點壓斷儀器測量及分析股骨之材料特性；統計方法以One-way ANOVA及 One-way ANCOVA進行組間各變項之差異性分析 ( = .05)。結果：本研究發現熱量限制組及耐力運動組在實驗後體重皆顯著低於控制組 (p<0.05)。雖然所有骨密度、骨組織維度的量測以及生物力學特性在絕對值方面並未呈現組間差異，進一步以體重為共變量所進行的單因子共變數分析，亦未呈現組間差異，然而將所有量測值進一步除以體重之後，耐力運動組及飲食限制組在各項量測值均顯著大於控制組 (p<0.05)。
結論： 九週的耐力運動訓練以及飲食限制後，造成雄性大鼠運動體重的增加趨緩或下降，然而此一體重下降，並未對各項骨質量測參數造成負面影響，且相對於體重而言，耐力運動及飲食限制大鼠反而有較佳的骨密度、骨組織維度及生物力學強度。本研究結果是否能應用於人類，須進一步研究證實。

Objective: To investigate the effects of calorie restriction and endurance exercise on cortical bone mineral density and geometry in adult male rats. Method: forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats at age of 26 weeks old (n=60) were randomly assigned to control (CON), 40% and 20% caloric restriction (CR40% and CR20%), endurance training (EXE) (n=12 for each group). The exercise intervention was consisted of a treadmill running training at speed of 16 m/min, 60 min/day and 5 days/week for nine weeks. After euthanasia, femoral bones were collected and subjected three-point-bending and micro CT scanning for densitometric and geometric analyses. In addition to one-way ANOVA, one-way ANCOVA was adopted with body weight included as covariate for comparing difference among groups (=0.05). Result: The CR40%, CR20% and EXE groups were significant lower in body mass as compared to the CON (p <0.05). One-way ANOVA and one-way ANCOVA showed no difference among groups in the absolute BMD and BMC. And, also, none of cross-sectional geometry measurements showed difference among groups. However, when indices further divided by the body mass, the CON showed relatively lower values in most indices of densitometry (relative total and cortical BMD and BMC) as well as relatively lower cross-sectional parameters in cortical bone (including: cross-sectional area, cortical thickness and moment of inertia, etc.) (p <0.05). Conclusion: Absolutely, rats subjected to endurance exercise and caloric restriction showed no different effects on cortical bone size, densitometry and biomechanical properties in adult male rats. However, the body weight reduction shown in exercise and CR groups made the bones of those animals relatively higher in cortical bone strength, size and density. Further studies need to verify whether the findings of the current study are applicable in clinical practice .

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