本論文以印尼最大本土數位集團GoTo為個案，探討數位科技發展下「國家機關—市場—社會」三角博弈的權力與利益結構。GoTo由Gojek與Tokopedia於2021年合併、2022年於印尼證交所掛牌，橫跨叫車、外送、電商與金融科技。本論文採「國家機關—市場—社會」三角互動框架，將GoTo重新定位為深度鑲嵌印尼政經核心、並能反向形塑三方的「鑲嵌行動者」，並以「數位利維坦」隱喻剖析其實質統治力。
研究以單一個案分析沿三軸展開：在國家—市場軸，政商共生如何轉化為排他性壟斷特許與制度性尋租；在國家—社會軸，國家職能平台化如何重構政府與公民關係；在市場—社會軸，平台如何挪用印尼傳統的互助合作文化，以「夥伴」之名進行勞動商品化並極大化數據尋租。
本論文提出三項理論修正：其一，將靜態的「市場頂點」重構為居三角中心、鑲嵌並穿透三軸的能動行動者；其二，延續Polanyi框架，將「數據」延伸為繼勞動、土地、貨幣後的第四種虛構商品並具體化於GoTo；其三，指認一套「雙重例外狀態」機制，即國家以多重投票權股份制度（Multiple Voting Shares）建立「法律的例外」屏障跨國資本，平台則以文化修辭建立「道德的例外」消解勞工抵抗。研究總結，GoTo並非新自由主義所稱的賦能引擎，而是國家扶植、以數據為核心積累來源的「數位利維坦」；唯有國家重啟保護社會職能並與公民力量結盟，科技方能回歸公共利益。

This thesis examines how the rise of Indonesia’s largest homegrown digital conglomerate, the GoTo Group, reshapes the distribution of power and interests among the state, the market, and society. Formed through the 2021 merger of the ride-hailing platform Gojek and the e-commerce platform Tokopedia and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2022, GoTo spans transport, delivery, e-commerce, and financial technology. Departing from mainstream studies of Southeast Asian unicorns that treat platforms as neutral instruments of digital inclusion, the study adopts a critical political-economy framework of triangular interaction and repositions GoTo as an “embedded actor” at the core of Indonesia’s political economy. Through a single-case study it traces three axes: state–market symbiosis that hardens into monopoly privilege and institutional rent-seeking; the platformization of state functions; and the commodification of labor and extraction of data rent beneath the rhetoric of “partnership.” The thesis argues that GoTo is not the empowering engine promised by neoliberal narratives but a state-nurtured “Digital Leviathan” whose accumulation centers on data, and concludes that only a state reawakening its protective function, allied with an awakened citizenry, can return technology to the public interest.

一、中文文獻
（一）專書
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（二）翻譯專書
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溫澤元、林怡婷、陳思穎譯，Shoshana Zuboff（肖莎娜‧祖博夫）原著，2020，《監控資本主義時代（上卷）：基礎與演進》，臺北：時報文化出版。（原著：Zuboff, Shoshana. 2019. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs.）
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（三）期刊論文
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（四）學位論文
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蘇怡嘉，2025，〈監控資本主義時代下的平台責任研究—以歐盟GDPR與DSA為中心〉，國立中正大學法律學系研究所碩士論文。
（五）研究報告
中華經濟研究院台灣東協研究中心，2024，《2024年印尼總統選舉及選後政經情勢分析—兼論臺印尼關係之展望》，報告編號：TASC-2024-07，臺北：中華經濟研究院台灣東南亞國家協會研究中心。
（六）網路資源
林昕璇，2020a，〈「數位瑞士」下國家、個人與資訊服務業者的三角權力結構〉，臺灣人工智慧行動網：https://ai.iias.sinica.edu.tw/digital-switzerlands/，檢索日期：2026年2月21日。
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關鍵評論網，2023，〈《東南亞獨角獸大商機》：商業離不開政治，原來佐科威曾任命Gojek執行長為印尼教育部長〉，關鍵評論網：https://www.thenewslens.com/article/186777，檢索日期：2025年11月25日。
------，2025，〈印尼Gojek聯合創辦人馬卡林捲入採購醜聞，涉案金額逾29億新台幣〉，關鍵評論網：https://www.thenewslens.com/article/258237，檢索日期：2025年11月25日。
------，2026，〈教育數位化變調？印尼Gojek創始人捲入筆電採購貪腐案，檢方指控政商勾結〉，關鍵評論網：https://www.thenewslens.com/article/263266，檢索日期：2026年3月24日。
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二、英文文獻
（一）期刊論文與專書篇章
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（二）學位論文
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（三）工作論文與研討會論文
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（六）網路資源與新聞
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