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研究生： 包力
Pao, Li
論文名稱： 低合金鋼與不銹鋼在鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕及其抑制之研究
Corrosion and their inhibition of low alloy steels and stainless steels in HCl solution
指導教授： 蔡文達
Tsai, Wen-Ta
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2017
畢業學年度： 105
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 125
中文關鍵詞： 鹽酸溶液腐蝕 、含銅低合金鋼 、316L不銹鋼 、2205雙相不銹鋼 、腐蝕抑制劑
外文關鍵詞： HCl solution corrosion, copper alloyed steel, 316L stainless steel, 2205 stainless steel, corrosion inhibitor
相關次數： 點閱：195  下載：10 
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    • 在煉油產業中，常壓蒸餾單元(CDU)的重要結構經常遭受到鹽酸露點腐蝕的侵害。為了降低鹽酸腐蝕所造成的傷害，選用適合的材料作為設備管線是最好的防蝕方法之一。本研究將探討四種不同的鋼材於鹽酸中之腐蝕情形，以提供CDU選材時的參考，分別為ASTM-A285-C碳鋼、Acr-Ten耐候鋼(中鋼公司生產)、316L不銹鋼以及2205雙相不銹鋼。此外也將分析三種實際應用在CDU之腐蝕抑制劑對於兩種低合金鋼在鹽酸腐蝕的抑制效果。整體實驗將分為電化學試驗與浸泡試驗兩大部分。
    以電化學試驗量測四種鋼在不同溫度與不同濃度之環境下的極化曲線，可以看到四種鋼之腐蝕速率皆隨鹽酸濃度及溫度而上升。其中ASTM-A285-C碳鋼之濃度對腐蝕速率關係符合反應速率方程式r = kCn，而Acr-Ten耐候鋼之濃度對腐蝕速率的關係則符合修改後之反應速率方程式r = keBC。浸泡試驗以四種鋼材在室溫下不同濃度為條件進行，浸泡試驗結束後之試片以SEM觀察其表面腐蝕形貌，並輔以EDS分析腐蝕產物。碳鋼與低合金鋼以FTIR分析其表面產物鍵結。結果顯示ASTM-A285-C碳鋼之表面主要形成γ-FeOOH以及β-FeOOH，Acr-Ten耐候鋼的表面會有一層較緻密的氧化層，其主要為α-FeOOH與γ-FeOOH，並有Cu元素分布於表面。不銹鋼的腐蝕，綜合電化學試驗與浸泡試驗結果顯示，316L不銹鋼在低濃度鹽酸溶液中容易發生孔蝕現象，在高濃度下則為均勻腐蝕，且其表面之氧化物含有較高的Mo含量。2205不銹鋼在低濃度鹽酸水溶液中時並沒有觀察到孔蝕現象；在1 wt%鹽酸水溶液中，其呈現沃斯田體相優先的選擇性腐蝕；而在10 wt%鹽酸水溶液中，則呈現肥粒體相優先的選擇性腐蝕。
    以電化學方法分析三種添加劑(編號A、B及C)於鹽酸水溶液中之抗腐蝕效果，發現此三種添加劑對於ASTM-A285-C碳鋼均會抑制其陰極反應，抑制效率為C ≈ B > A。對於Acr-Ten鋼而言，此三種添加劑同樣會對其產生陰極抑制的反應，然而浸泡試驗結果顯示三種添加劑僅有B添加劑能有明顯抑制效果，C添加劑甚至導致腐蝕速率上升。浸泡試驗後以FTIR分析兩鋼種表面產物鍵結，結果發現在ASTM-A285-C碳鋼表面，B添加劑之吸附效果最佳，A與C添加劑則幾乎不會吸附。而Acr-Ten鋼表面則三種添加劑均不會吸附。

    In petrochemical industry, crude distillation unit (CDU) suffered from HCl dew point corrosion frequently. To cut down the damage caused by HCl dew point corrosion, replace those pipe lines with more suitable material is the most effective anti-corrosion method. In this research, corrosion behavior of four kinds of steels in HCl solution has been investigated, they are ASTM A285-C carbon steel, Acr-Ten weathering steel, 316L stainless steel and 2205 duplex stainless steel. Electrochemical polarization test and immersion test were introduced in this experiment. The result shows that Acr-Ten steel has better corrosion resistance in HCl solution than carbon steel due to formation of Cu rich oxide layer on its surface. On the other hand, for stainless steels, distinct behavior showed when they were immersed in different concentration of HCl solution. 316L stainless steel shows pitting corrosion in low HCl concentration, and general corrosion in high HCl concentration. However, 2205 stainless steel shows no corrosion in low HCl concentration, and selective dissolution in high HCl concentration.

    摘要…………………………………………………………..………………I Extended Abstract…………………………………………………………..III 致謝...………………………….…...……….....……………....………….XV 總目錄…………………………………………………….….………….XVII 表目錄………………………………………………………………...…..XX 圖目錄…………………………………………………………...……….XXI 一、前言……………………………………………………………………...1 二、文獻回顧………………………………………………………………...3 2.1 常壓蒸餾單元中之腐蝕及其防治………………………………...3 2.2 鐵基材料在鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕…………………………………...7 2.2.1 碳鋼在鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕………………………………….7 2.2.2 耐候鋼之腐蝕……………………………………………...12 2.2.3 300系沃斯田鐵不銹鋼在鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕…………….14 2.2.4 雙相不銹鋼在鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕………………………...16 2.3 以電化學技術評估腐蝕速率與耐蝕性質……………………….18 2.3.1 電化學電極學……………………………………………...18 2.3.2 以塔弗外插法來分析極化曲線……………....…………...22 2.4 腐蝕抑制劑之種類及其在CDU之應用………………………..26 三、實驗方法………………………………………………………….......35 3.1 實驗材料及環境…………………………........………………….35 3.2 動電位極化曲線試驗…………………………………………….35 3.3 浸泡試驗………………………………………………………….38 3.4 浸泡試驗試片表面腐蝕產物觀察與分析……………………….38 四、實驗結果與討論…………………………………………………..…...45 4.1 碳鋼、耐候鋼與不銹鋼在鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕現象…………….45 4.1.1 極化曲線試驗及腐蝕速率量測與分析…………………...45 4.1.1.1 濃度對極化曲線的影響…………………………….45 4.1.1.2 溫度對極化曲線的影響…………………………….50 4.1.1.3 腐蝕速率的計算與分析…………………………….51 4.1.2 浸泡試驗結果……………………………………………...53 4.1.2.1 浸泡試驗之腐蝕速率……………………………….53 4.1.2.2 以SEM 觀察腐蝕形貌與EDS分析腐蝕產物結果..54 4.1.2.3 以FTIR分析碳鋼與耐候鋼表面腐蝕產物結果........56 4.1.3 不同鋼種於鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕現象探討……………..….57 4.1.3.1 碳鋼與耐候鋼於鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕現象探討......... 57 4.1.3.2 不銹鋼於鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕現象討論..................... 58 4.2 添加劑對碳鋼與耐候鋼在鹽酸溶液中腐蝕之影響….................61 4.2.1 添加劑對於碳鋼與耐候鋼之電化學行為影響………..….61 4.2.2 浸泡試驗之腐蝕速率與極化曲線試驗之比較 .................61 4.2.3 以SEM、EDS與FTIR分析腐蝕試片表面................…….62 五、結論………………………………………………………………..….119 六、參考文獻…………………………………………………………..….120

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