如果說20 世紀是電磁波通訊的世紀，21 世紀無疑將是量子通訊的世紀。量子通訊的物理基礎是量子糾纏態的非定域特性，此特性表明二個糾纏粒子不管被分隔多遠，只要它們仍保持在糾纏態，它們之間的量子瞬間關聯性就不會改變。除了非定域特性，單光子的不可分割性和量子態的不可複製特性確保了量子訊息無法被竊聽的絕對安全性。數十年來，糾纏粒子間之非定域特性從數十公尺到數百公里的地面分隔均已被實驗陸續證實，而2016 年由中國發射的全球首顆量子通訊衛星「墨子號」更進一步從太空的大尺度驗證糾纏粒子的瞬間關聯性仍然存在。量子通訊衛星的出現代表全球量子通信網絡的時代即將來臨。
雖然國內自行研發的福爾摩沙衛星系列，目前已來到福衛五號(光學通訊衛星)，但國內關於量子通訊衛星的研究其實尚未啟動。為了讓台灣提早進入量子通訊衛星的研究，本論文率先提出建構本土量子通訊衛星的可行性研究。同時基於光學通訊衛星與量子通訊衛星之間的相似性，本論文探討如何在既有的福爾摩沙衛星的系統架構下，進行量子通訊實驗。論文主要分成四大部分，分別解決實現量子通訊衛星所將面對的四大問題:
1. 如何在衛星上製備糾纏光子對?
2. 如何克服光子在穿越大氣的傳輸過程中，其量子糾纏度的下降問題?
3. 地面接收站如何進行光子的追蹤與捕獲?
4. 二個地面接收站之間如何進行量子通訊實驗?
本論文將設計一顆未來的福爾摩沙量子通訊衛星，討論其內部硬體組成與軌道運作，分析其內量子通訊的進行程序，並模擬其與二個地面接收站(現有的成功大學與中央大學衛星地面接收站)之間的光子傳輸過程。本論文成果將可做為台灣自行研發量子通訊衛星的一個可行性評估報告。

In this thesis, we will design a future Formosa quantum communication satellite to discuss its internal hardware composition and orbit operation, analyze its quantum communication procedures, and simulate it with two ground receiving stations (the two existing Formosa ground stations, respectively, at Cheng Kung University and Central University) to demonstrate the photon transmission process. The results of this paper will serve as a feasibility analysis report for Taiwan's own development of quantum communication satellites.
The physical basis of quantum communication is the nonlocal property of quantum entangled states. This characteristic shows that the quantum entanglement between two particles does not change with distance as long as they remain in the entangled state. In addition to the nonlocal characteristic, the indivisibility of single photons and the non-replicable nature of quantum states ensure the absolute security of quantum communication because quantum information cannot be eavesdropped.
The thesis is divided into four parts, respectively, to solve the four major issues that will be faced in the realization of quantum communication satellite:
1. How to prepare an entangled photon pair on a satellite?
2. How to overcome the decline of the quantum entanglement in the photon pair in the transmission through the atmosphere?
3. How to perform photon tracking and photon capturing at the ground receiving station?
4. How to perform quantum communication experiments between two ground receiving stations?

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