本研究提出以綠色製程，且兼具回收循環機制的低成本方式，合成同時具有微孔與中孔性質之多重孔洞碳材，並探討其豐富孔洞性應用於超級電容、電容脫鹽與氧氣還原反應的性能表現。以廢棄農業資材-菱殼炭作為碳源，透過簡易物理混合法將其與 nano-CaCO3 模板及活化劑均勻混合，再以 950°C 高溫裂解，即可得到高比表面積多孔碳材。合成中不需使用有機溶劑，奈米碳酸鈣模板可以藉由鹽酸簡單移除，而所產生的鈣離子酸廢液可透過酸鹼中和回收機制，再製成模板使用，達到綠色製程的概念。
所製備的多重孔洞碳材，藉由調控不同 nano-CaCO3 模板與活化劑含量，能得到不同孔洞性質的碳材，其比表面積可高達 677-1684 m2/g。應用於超級電容上，多重孔洞碳材能在 1.0 M LiClO4/PC 有機電解液環境中，達到 132 F/g 之比電容值(掃描速率為 5 mV/s)，即使在 500 mV/s 的高掃描速率條件下，電容保留率也可高達約70 %。此外，氮摻雜多重孔洞碳材所表現的偽電容效應，進一步使比電容值提高到至 160 F/g。在電容脫鹽方面，多重孔洞碳材於 CDI 系統中，表現出 9.09 mg/g的鹽吸附量，而在 MCDI 系統中，所添加的離子交換膜能減少共離子排斥效應以及法拉第反應所帶來的影響，使鹽吸附量提升至15.30 mg/g。最後，氮摻雜多重孔洞碳材於氧氣還原反應上，具有優異的催化效能，並表現出高穩定性和良好的抗甲醇穿透性。而實際應用於鋁空氣電池中時，氮摻雜多重孔洞碳材也表現出極佳的放電效率，能驅動風扇馬達轉動超過 4 小時。整體而言，本研究以菱殼炭所合成的多重孔洞碳材不僅符合經濟效益，並且具有廣泛的應用前景。

Porous carbons are used for multifarious applications nowadays (including electric storage devices, catalysis, water treatment, and so on) due to their many favorable properties, such as good conductivity, high permeability, high surface area, and an abundance of active sites. In this study, water-chestnut-shell biochar (WCSB) was used as the carbon source to synthesize multiporous carbons (MPCs) via a simple and eco-friendly physical blending method. In particular, the WCSB was mixed directly with nano-CaCO3 template and K2CO3 activating agent, and was then pyrolyzed at 950°C. Finally, MPCs were obtained by washing the product with HCl(aq). The experimental results showed that the MPCs had a high surface area of ~1600 m2 g-1 and a high specific capacitance of up to 132 F g-1 with a good retention rate (~70 %) even at 500 mV s-1 in LiClO4/PC electrolyte. Furthermore, N-doping of the MPCs increased the specific capacitance to 160 F g-1. The electrosorption capacity of the MPCs in a CDI system was found to be 9.09 mg g-1, while in a MCDI system, the adsorption capacity increased to 15.30 mg g-1. The N-doped MPCs demonstrated an excellent catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution, with a high stability and good resistance to methanol crossover. The N-doped MPCs also showed an outstanding discharge efficiency when used in an Al-air battery. Overall, the results confirm that the WCSB synthesized in the present study has good potential as a green and sustainable carbon source for a wide variety of applications in a diverse range of fields.

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