| 研究生: |
林鴻成 Lin, Hong-Cheng |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
旗山斷層中南段GPS監測分析 GPS analysis on the middle southern part of Chishan fault |
| 指導教授: |
曾清凉
Tsen, Ching-Liang 饒瑞鈞 Rau, Ruey-Juin |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
理學院 - 地球科學系碩士在職專班 Department of Earth Sciences (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2007 |
| 畢業學年度: | 95 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 108 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 旗山斷層 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Chishan fault |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:53 下載:9 |
| 分享至: |
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摘要
台灣位處歐亞板塊與菲律賓海板塊交界處,由於現今板塊交互作用(隱沒與碰撞)仍持續進行中,西南部的高屏地區相對於穩定中國大陸邊緣有達5 cm/yr之快速運動。旗山斷層為西南部的主要斷層,為農業大區、高師大燕巢校區、南二高中寮隧道皆在附近,近年有學者觀察到旗山斷層有再度活動之跡象。因此有必要瞭解斷層活動情形並加以進行加密監測分析。
本研究利用2001 - 2005年,對同一點位〈約31個衛星點〉重復觀測資料,其中2003年由本研究自行野外施測,另結合經濟部中央地質調查所2003、2004、2005年,中央研究院2001 - 2005年內及政部土地測量局2001年三等衛星點觀測資料。本研究取監測點自杉林鄉至大社鄉範圍為研究範圍,結合包含國外追蹤站TSKB 、USUD 、 WUHN 、國內追蹤站PKGM 、 KDNM站、成功大學站CK01及S01R站等觀測資料連續記錄衛星追蹤站,藉BERNESE 4.2版軟體按時段或每日解算各測點坐標 ,然後依序將各時段之變方-協變方矩陣累加以推求各測點相對於澎湖白沙S01R的運動速度。運用 GPS測網進行加密監測,依測得坐標變化與時、空關係分析斷層是否活動斷層區、斷層活動現象、應變時空變化及能量累積。
研究結果顯示:
(1) 旗山斷層大部分監測點相對於澎湖白沙(S01R)各測站運
動速度為 28 - 51 mm/yr,方向 253° - 274°,取其平均可得
速度平均值為 43 mm/yr,平均方位角 263° (即在 83° 之方
向)。
(2)依速度場方向大部分向西位移,愈往西側測站位移速度
有減少的區勢且明顯的逆時針向西偏南位移。
(3)旗山斷層上盤之速度均較下盤為大,跨越旗山斷層有 9.5
mm/yr 之速度不連續,6.6 mm/yr 之右移分量,因此旗山
斷層為具有右移分量之逆衝斷層。
(4) 並且其中段與南段之活動性一致,以右移運動為主。
(5) 此區域 29 個小網最小主軸(壓縮)應變率為 - 0.13 ~
- 5.81 ustrain/yr,方向 28° - 180°;最大主軸 (伸張) 應變
率為 - 1.38 ~ 3.51 ustrain/yr;最小主軸應變率與最大主軸
應變率之加權平均值分別為 - 1.90 ustrain/yr 與 0.83
ustrain/yr,均壓縮方向為 106°。此外,由本研究所得之
最大壓縮應變率集中在旗山斷層附近,向西及向東應變
率皆漸趨微弱。此區壓縮應變方向之變化:在斷層東側
北邊為東北東轉東西方向,往南邊漸漸順時鐘旋轉至西
北西方向;在斷層西側北邊為西北轉西北西方向,往南
邊漸漸逆時鐘旋轉至東西方向。 (圖 4.10)。
關鍵字:旗山斷層
Abstract
Taiwan is located in the intersection between the Eurasia and the Philippine sea plates. Because of the convergence between these two plates the surface horizontal velocities reach 5 cm/yr relative to the Chinese continental margin in southwest Taiwan. The Chishan fault is the main active fault in this area, pass though the district of agriculture and the Yanchao Campus of the Kao Shung Normal University.In this study, we used the annual GPS observations from 31 GPS stations, collected between 2001 and 2005, the annual data from the Centeral Geological Survey between 2003 and 2005, and the third-order GPS data from the Ministry of Interior in 2001 to understand the activity of the Chishan faults. We constrained the coordinateds and velocities of IGS continueous stations, TSKB, USUD, WUHN, PKGM, KDNM, CK01, and S01R, to estimate the coordindates and velocities of the campaign mode stations by Bernese software version 4.2.
The resultent GPS analyses show:
(1)The velocities near the Chishan fault relative to the Paisha, Penghu are 35-51 mm/yr, azimuths 253°-274°. The average velocity is 43 mm/yr with the azimuth of 263°.
(2)Most azimuths of station velocity vectors, from east to west, gradually rotate counterclockwise from south are to north.
(3)The magnitudes of velocities on the hanging wall are larger than these on the footwall. A major velocity discontinuity of about 9.5 mm/yr is detected across the Chishan fault.
(4)The motion of the middle segmentt of the Chishan fault and the southern segment of this fault is right-lateral .
(5)The moderate to significant contraction rates of -0.13 ~ -5.81 μstrain/yr in 28°-180° are observed for 29 subnets in this area. The maximum principal strain rate is -1.38-3.51 μstrain/yr. The minimum strain rate and the maximum strain rate are -1.90 μstrain/yr and 0.83 μstrain/yr, in 106°, which is quite consistent with the directions of the Quaternary tectonic stress. Moreover, the remarkable contraction rates are observed in the vicinity of the Chishan fault and die out both eastward and westward away from the Chishan fault. The direction of compressive stress in the study area shows: north of the hanging wall ,the direction gradually changes from ENE to EW. South of the hanging wall, the direction gradually changes from ENE to WNW. North of the footwall ,it gradually changes from WN to WNW, and to the south, it gradually changes from WN to EW.
Key words:Chishan fault
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