| 研究生: | 蕭吉良 Hsiao, Chi-Liang | 
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: | 以氨水溶液於填充塔中去除
二氧化碳之研究 The Study on the Removal of CO2 from Flue Gas in the Packed Tower by Ammonia Solution | 
| 指導教授: | 朱信 Chu, Hsin | 
| 學位類別: | 碩士 Master | 
| 系所名稱: | 工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering | 
| 論文出版年: | 2005 | 
| 畢業學年度: | 93 | 
| 語文別: | 中文 | 
| 論文頁數: | 139 | 
| 中文關鍵詞: | 二氧化碳 、填充塔 、氨水 、去除效率 、吸收速率 | 
| 外文關鍵詞: | Removal efficiency, Ammonia solution, Packed tower, Carbon dioxide, Absorption rate | 
| 相關次數: | 點閱:107 下載:3 | 
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  由於溫室氣體中二氧化碳之過量排放已造成全球氣候異常變遷,因此如何降低煙道氣二氧化碳之排放源實為當務之急。本研究選擇化學溶劑吸收法以氨水吸收劑於連續式填充塔中去除二氧化碳,來探討各參數之影響,並求取吸收動力式及進行吸收後液體碳源之分析結果。
  本研究所使用之填充物係採用外徑7.65mm、內徑5mm、高度8.3mm的圓筒狀陶瓷(Raschig ring),結果顯示當加入填充物時,吸收表面積可大幅增加170%,對於CO2之吸收效率亦從35%提昇至52.1%。並且在吸收實驗條件為二氧化碳濃度5~20%(v/v)、氨水濃度0~2.66M、反應溫度5~75oC、停留時間5.5~16.4秒、液氣比15~60(ml/L)、氧氣濃度0~13.7%(v/v)、pH值10~13等操作條件及範圍內,CO2去除效率在2.2~87.6%之間,而溶劑利用率則在1.3~13.6之間。由參數變異實驗所獲得之結果顯示,影響CO2之去除效率依序為氨水濃度、pH值、液氣比、溫度,而二氧化碳濃度、氣體流量、O2濃度的影響則為負面的;影響CO2之吸收速率依序為氨水濃度、CO2濃度、氣體流量、pH值、液氣比,而溫度、O2濃度的影響則為負面的。此外,較高濃度氨水受pH影響較小;而在添加0~1000ppm NOX及SO2之氣體組成分面,對於吸收實驗的影響很小可忽略。
  
  在上述之操作條件下,CO2與NH3(aq)之反應速率分別約與CO2濃度之0.7次方及NH3(aq)濃度的1.0次方成正比,且平均反應速率常數值為0.501 [(L/mol)0.7/sec],其反應動力式為 。而改變操作溫度(5~75oC)可求得CO2與氨水反應之活化能約為26.4 kJ/mol,其反應速率常數與溫度的關係為  。再者,CO2之吸收速率皆隨著氣相條件(進氣流量與濃度)以及液相條件(吸收液流量與濃度)之改變而有所變化,然而改變吸收液方面的影響較大,因此CO2的吸收可以說是偏向於液膜控制。
  吸收液分析實驗中,以離子層析儀(IC)及總有機碳分析儀(TOC)來測量碳酸根離子等進行碳平衡分析,由IC圖譜中發現非以碳酸根型態存在之物種,使得回收率無法穩定,大多無法在合理範圍之內。雖由TOC分析可知該物種之含碳量約佔總碳重之20%,卻尚無法鑑定及定量該物種,相信將來藉由其它儀器之輔助,將能有所進展。
Global climate changing and warming results from the greenhouse effect are getting serious. Therefore, Nowadays it is necessary to solve this problem by reducing excess CO2. In this study, the packed tower with the ammonia solution is taken as an absorber to absorb CO2 continuously. Otherwise, this study focus on not only the effects of several operation parameters, such as L/G ratio, gas residence time, CO2 inlet concentration, operating temperature, pH, NH3 solution concentration, and O2 inlet concentration, but also the reaction kinetics equation and the analysis of carbon mass balance.
  The packing of this absorber is Rasching ring which external diameter, inside diameter, and the height are 7.65, 5, and 8.3mm, respectively. Furthermore, the CO2 removal efficiency is increasing from 35% to 52.1% due to the increasing of absorption surface probably.
Moreover, the reaction orders for CO2 and ammonia solution are 0.7 and 1.0, respectively, and the reaction kinetic equation can be written as  (the average of the reaction rate constant is 0.501 [(L/mol)0.7/sec]). The absorption of CO2 may tend to be liquid-film control. The activation energy of the reaction between the CO2 and ammonia solution is 26.4 kJ/mol, and Arrhenius equation is  .
  Finally, the carbon balance between gas and liquid phase have been determined as CO2(g) and CO32-(l) by NDIR、IC and TOC analysis, respectively. These results showed bad carbon balance as well as an apparent non-carbonate peak observed in IC analysis, but still unknown. In the future, it is necessary to identify this peak to clarify the absorption reaction in advance.
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