在這篇論文中，我們首先介紹Veselago在1968年所提出的一篇論文，此篇論文是首次有人提出有關於負折射率的想法。大約30年後，Pendry提出用金屬線狀結構及不連續環的結構可以分別獲得等效的負值介電係數εr與導磁係數μr，而在2001年USCD的研究群R.A. Shelby, D.R. Smith, S. Schultz發表了結合這兩種結構的人造材質，首次在實驗上證實了負折射率的存在。同樣地在2001年，S.A. Tretyakov 提出了利用極化率與主動電路可能能獲得較寬的工作頻寬的觀念，我們在此對此觀念做了更深入的探討，設計實驗，提出實驗設計考量，並利用LabVIEW來模擬結果。

We reviewed the first work of the negative index of refraction by Veselago in 1968, which derive the negative index of refraction from Maxwell’s equations mathematically. In 2001, by taking the advantage of Pendry’s metal wires and split ring resonators structures, a research group of USCD, R.A. Shelby, D.R. Smith, S. Schultz, first confirmed the existence of the negative index of refraction experimentally. Also in 2001, S.A. Tretyakov said that with active circuit, we may find wide-band negative index of refraction. We investigated the method of Tretyakov, tried to design the experiment and simulated with different sets of parameters to scale for wide-band working range.

V. G. Veselago, “The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ε and μ,” Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 509-514, 1968
J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Swewart, and I. Youngs, “Extremely Low Frequency Plasmons in Metallic Mesostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773-4776, 1996
J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Swewart, “Magnetism from Conductors and Enhanced Nonlinear Phenomena, ”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075-2084, 1999
R. A. Shelby, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction,” Science 292, 77-79, 2001
S. A. Tretyakov, “Meta-materials with Wideband Negative Permittivity and Permeability,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 31,163-165, 2001
S. A. Tretyakov, “Analytical Antenna Model for Chiral Scatterers: Comparison with Numerical and Experimental Data,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation 44,1006-1014, 1996