面對都市的快速發展下，舊市區面臨著都市再生等方式來復甦都市機能、提升生活品質，都市地景雖可將地方美化，但也影響著地方意象、價值與居民的社會互動，進而導致居民與地方之間的情感聯繫產生變化或消失，使都市規劃無法符合居民的期待。若能有效保留地方連結，不僅可以滿足居民對於環境的認同及情感，使居民之間的關係更緊密，形成更和諧的都市環境，同時也能達成政府與居民之間的共識。過去研究未釐清影響地方連結的因素，使其無法有效解決複雜的都市問題，本研究為彌補此缺口，深入了解地方連結的交互關係，以及社經條件對地方連結的影響，來確保舊市區經都市再生後居民地方連結得以保留。
本研究目的旨在探討中國城改建成河樂廣場對居民地方連結的影響，深入了 解影響地方連結的因素，並以對中國城有記憶的居民作為研究對象。本研究分為三個部分進行:首先，以問卷調查來評估居民對中國城地方連結感是否改變，並透過獨立樣本t檢定及單因子變異數分析來探討熟悉度、景觀偏好以及社經條件族群對地方連結之差異；第二階段將檢驗景觀偏好、熟悉度與地方連結之關係，並且深入了解各個社經條件之間是否存在交互作用；最後，透過多元迴歸模型探索熟悉度和景觀偏好對地方連結之調節與中介效果。
根據研究結果顯示，中國城改建成河樂廣場後地方連結有保留住，但效果不明顯，而居民的景觀偏好與熟悉度個別對地方連結有顯著差異；在社經條件中除行政區遠近外，不同的社經條件群組在地方連結感知上皆存在顯著差異，尤其是年齡和居住時長最為明顯。社經條件之間的交互作用中，河樂廣場的使用頻率和居住時長比起其他社經條件對地方連結更具有影響力。最後，熟悉度和景觀偏好在地方連結形成部分中介效果及調節效果，代表對中國城的熟悉程度會藉由河樂廣場的喜好程度去影響地方連結的產生；調節效果中對中國城熟悉度與對河樂廣場的景觀喜好程度呈負向，代表對居民來說中國城地方連結保留效果並不顯著。
藉由探討中國城改建後對居民地方連結的影響，未來在都市再生規劃過程中能更有效地反應居民情感上的需求及期望，確保地方改建後的空間設計可以保留住地方連結感以增加都市永續性，藉由了解地方連結可以幫助都市規劃加強地方特色保留、維護社會穩定及促進社區參與。

Old towns often undergo urban regeneration to improve their quality of life. However, while changes in the landscape can beautify an area, they may also alter or diminish place bonding. It is essential to preserve place bonding to maintain the area's uniqueness and meet residents' emotional needs. Many past studies have used measurement tools to explore place bonding, but further understanding of the influencing factors and their interactions is necessary to address changes in emotional connections effectively.
This study aims to explore the impact of the redevelopment of Chinatown into The Spring square on residents' place bonding and to analyze the influencing factors. The research objectives are achieved through a survey to understand the changes in residents' place bonding with Chinatown and to deeply investigate the effects of landscape preference, familiarity, and socioeconomic conditions on place bonding. A multiple regression model is used to examine whether landscape preference mediates or moderates the relationship between familiarity and place bonding.
The results show that while place bonding with Chinatown is somewhat retained after the redevelopment, it fails to resonate with residents effectively. Socioeconomic conditions significantly influence the perception of place bonding, and familiarity and landscape preference exhibit partial mediation and negative moderation effects in forming place bonding.
These results provide a deeper understanding of place bonding and can assist urban planners in strengthening the preservation of local characteristics.

中文文獻
Lynch, K. (2014). 城市的意象(胡家璇譯)。遠流。(原著發表於1960)
王柏青, & 陳元泰. (2018). 地方依附, 環境態度與環境行為關係之研究. 環境與管理研究, 19(1), 1-18.
李宗鴻. (2019). 地方感與觀光. 中國地理學會會刊, (63), 1-9.
李素馨. (1999). 都市視覺景觀偏好之研究. 都市與計劃, 26(1), 19-40.
周志龍. (2018). 文化, 地方發展與城市規劃. 國土及公共治理季刊, 6(2), 44-55.
周紓帆, & 鄭佳昆. (2014). 以情境模擬討論地方改變對地方連結之影響: 以臺大醉月湖為例. 都市與計劃, 41(4), 429-460.
曹勝雄, & 孫君儀. (2009). 建構地方依附因果關係模式. 地理學報, (55), 43-63.
郭蕙瑜, 鄭佳昆, & 沈立. (2013). 運用景觀元素探討生長經驗對延續地方連結之影響. 建築學報, (86), 145-167.
陳春富, & 林義斌. (2023). 地方依附, 文化吸引力與參訪動機對廟宇遊客在訪意向之影響. 結構方程模式統計方法應用期刊, 12(1), 22-37.
黃禮強. (2008). 宗教勝地居民地方感之研究-以苗栗獅頭山為例. 都市與計劃, 35, 2008, 3: 227-251.
鄭佳昆, 沈立, & 全珍衡. (2009). 熟悉度於不同情境下對視覺景觀偏好之影響探討. 戶外遊憩研究, 22(4), 1-21.
英文文獻
Aksel, E., & İmamoğlu, Ç. (2020). Neighborhood location and its association with place attachment and residential satisfaction. Open House International, 45(3), 327-340. https://doi.org/10.1108/ohi-05-2020-0035
Alirhayim, R. (2023). Place attachment in the context of loss and displacement: The case of Syrian immigrants in Esenyurt, Istanbul. Journal of Urban Affairs, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2180378
and experiential dimensions. Tourism Management.
Anton, C. E., & Lawrence, C. (2014). Home is where the heart is: The effect of place of residence on place attachment and community participation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 451-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.10.007
Arnberger, A., et al. (2022). "Predicting place attachment among walkers in the urban context: The role of dogs, motivations, satisfaction, past experience and setting development." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 70.
Baloglu, S. (2001). Image variations of Turkey by familiarity index: informational
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Bazrafshan, M., et al. (2023). "Greater place attachment to urban parks enhances relaxation: Examining affective and cognitive responses of locals and bi-cultural migrants to virtual park visits." Landscape and Urban Planning 232.
Bonaiuto, M., Fornara, F., & Bonnes, M. (2003). Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and neighbourhood attachment in urban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65(1-2), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00236-0
Brown, G., & Raymond, C. (2007). The relationship between place attachment and landscape values: Toward mapping place attachment. Applied Geography, 27(2), 89-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2006.11.002
Casakin, H., Hernández, B., & Ruiz, C. (2015). Place attachment and place identity in Israeli cities: The influence of city size. Cities, 42, 224-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.07.007
Cassatella, C. (2011). Assessing Visual and Social Perceptions of Landscape.In Cassatella, C., & Peano, A(Eds.), Landscape Indicators: Assessing and Monitoring Landscape Quality(pp105-140). Springer
Chan, E. T., & Li, T. E. (2022). The effects of neighbourhood attachment and built environment on walking and life satisfaction: A case study of Shenzhen. Cities, 130, 103940.
Chang, J., Lin, Z., Vojnovic, I., Qi, J., Wu, R., & Xie, D. (2023). Social environments still matter: The role of physical and social environments in place attachment in a transitional city, Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104680
Cheng, C.-K., & Kuo, H.-Y. (2015). Bonding to a new place never visited: Exploring the relationship between landscape elements and place bonding. Tourism Management, 46, 546-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.006
Clarke, D., Murphy, C., & Lorenzoni, I. (2018). Place attachment, disruption and transformative adaptation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 55, 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.12.006
Cottrell, J. R., & Cottrell, S. P. (2015). Sense-of-place influences on perceived environmental change: Effects on future holiday experiences to Saaremaa, Estonia. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15(4), 425-446.
Falanga, R. (2022). Understanding place attachment through the lens of urban regeneration. Insights from Lisbon. Cities, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103590
Fleury-Bahi, G., Félonneau, M.-L., & Marchand, D. (2008). Processes of Place Identification and Residential Satisfaction. Environment and Behavior, 40(5), 669-682. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916507307461
Fried, M. (1966). Grieving for a Lost Home: Psychological Costs of Relocation.In James Q. Wilson(Ed.), Urban Renewal: The Record and the Controversy(pp.359-379). MIT Press.
Fu, X., Adejoke, A. B., Salaripour, A., Zali, N., & Reihani, Z. S. (2024). Does Urban Livability Lead to Place Attachment and Behavioural Intentions? Case Study: Isfahan City. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 09754253241233781.
Gough, K. V., Yankson, P. W., & Esson, J. (2019). Migration, housing and attachment in urban gold mining settlements. Urban Studies, 56(13), 2670-2687.
Hammitt, W. E., Backlund, E. A., & Bixler, R. D. (2006). Place bonding for recreation places: Conceptual and empirical development. Leisure studies, 25(1), 17-41.
Hammitt, W. E., Kyle, G. T., & Oh, C.-O. (2009). Comparison of Place Bonding Models in Recreation Resource Management. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2009.11950159
Hay, R. (1998). Sense of place in developmental context. Journal of environmental psychology, 18(1), 5-29.
Herzog, T. R., & Kropscott, L. S. (2004). Legibility, Mystery, and Visual Access as Predictors of Preference and Perceived Danger in Forest Settings without Pathways. Environment and Behavior, 36(5), 659-677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504264138
Kalivoda, O., Vojar, J., Skrivanova, Z., & Zahradnik, D. (2014). Consensus in landscape preference judgments: the effects of landscape visual aesthetic quality and respondents' characteristics. J Environ Manage, 137, 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.02.009
Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological Cassatella perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Karmann, J., Najjar, M., Ottoni, C. A., Shareck, M., Lord, S., Winters, M., ... & Kestens, Y. (2023). “They didn't have to build that much”: A qualitative study on the emotional response to urban change in the Montreal context. Emotion, Space and Society, 46, 100937.
Kimpton, A., Wickes, R., & Corcoran, J. (2014). Greenspace and place attachment: Do greener suburbs lead to greater residential place attachment?. Urban Policy and Research, 32(4), 477-497.
Lee, K. Y., & Jeong, M. G. (2021). Residential environmental satisfaction, social capital, and place attachment: the case of Seoul, Korea. Journal of housing and the built environment, 36, 559-575.
Lewicka, M. (2010). What makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.05.004
Liu, Q., et al. (2021). "Relationships between residents’ ratings of place attachment and the restorative potential of natural and urban park settings." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 62.
Lomas, M. J., Ayodeji, E., & Brown, P. (2021). Experiences of place attachment and mental wellbeing in the context of urban regeneration. Health Place, 70, 102604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102604
Mondschein, A., & Moga, S. T. (2018). New directions in cognitive-environmental research: Applications to urban planning and design. Journal of the American Planning Association, 84(3-4), 263-275.
Montgomery, J. (1998). Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 3(1), 93-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418
Morgan, P. (2010). Towards a developmental theory of place attachment. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(1), 11-22.
Nielsen-Pincus, M., Hall, T., Force, J. E., & Wulfhorst, J. D. (2010). Sociodemographic effects on place bonding. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.007
Palmer, S. E., Schloss, K. B., & Sammartino, J. (2013). Visual aesthetics and human preference. Annu Rev Psychol, 64, 77-107. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100504
Proshansky, H. M. (1983). Place identity: Physical world socialisation of the self. J. Environmental Psychology, 3, 299-313.
Ryan, R. L. (1997). Attachment to urban natural areas: Effects of environmental experience. University of Michigan.
Shin, J., & Yang, H. J. (2022). Does residential stability lead to civic participation?: The mediating role of place attachment. Cities, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103700
Stedman, R. C. (2003). Is it really just a social construction?: The contribution of the physical environment to sense of place. Society &Natural Resources, 16(8), 671-685.
STEEL, G. D. (2000). Polar Bonds: Environmental Relationships in the Polar Regions. Environment and Behavior.
Stylidis, D., Woosnam, K. M., Ivkov, M., & Kim, S. S. (2020). Destination loyalty explained through place attachment, destination familiarity and destination image. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(5), 604-616.
Subiza-Pérez, M., et al. (2020). "Green and blue settings as providers of mental health ecosystem services: Comparing urban beaches and parks and building a predictive model of psychological restoration." Landscape and Urban Planning 204.
Sun, Y., Fang, Y., Yung, E. H., Chao, T. Y. S., & Chan, E. H. (2020). Investigating the links between environment and older people’s place attachment in densely populated urban areas. Landscape and urban Planning, 203, 103897.
Tang, J., & Long, Y. (2019). Measuring visual quality of street space and its temporal variation: Methodology and its application in the Hutong area in Beijing. Landscape and Urban Planning, 191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.09.015
Tenzer, M., & Schofield, J. (2023). People and places: towards an understanding and categorisation of reasons for place attachment–case studies from the north of England. Landscape Research, 1-19.
Ujang, N. (2012). Place Attachment and Continuity of Urban Place Identity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 49, 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.07.014
van Kamp, I., Leidelmeijer, K., Marsman, G., & de Hollander, A. (2003). Urban environmental quality and human well-being. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65(1-2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00232-3
von Wirth, T., Grêt-Regamey, A., Moser, C., & Stauffacher, M. (2016). Exploring the influence of perceived urban change on residents' place attachment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 46, 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.03.001
Walker, A. J., & Ryan, R. L. (2008). Place attachment and landscape preservation in rural New England: A Maine case study. Landscape and urban planning, 86(2), 141-152.
Wang, Y. (2023). Exploring multiple dimensions of attachment to historic urban places, a case study of Edinburgh, Scotland. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 29(5), 428-440.
Widya, A. T., Kusuma, H. E., & Lubis, R. A. (2019). The correlational relationship between residential satisfaction, place attachment, and intention to move: A preliminary study in Belawan, Medan. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 30(3), 191-210.
Zhang, Z., & Zhang, J. (2017). Perceived residential environment of neighborhood and subjective well-being among the elderly in China: A mediating role of sense of community. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 51, 82-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.03.004