本研究之目的，為了解都市垃圾焚化爐冷起動過程，煙道廢氣排放戴奧辛/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)及多氯聯苯(PCBs)之濃度及特徵。於2010年，本研究針對台灣南部地區一座連續運轉之都市垃圾焚化爐中，1號爐和2號爐進行採樣分析。整個採樣期程，從焚化爐冷起動開始起算共45小時。1號爐及2號爐分別起爐一次，一次採樣共計15個樣品(A~O)。採樣期程分為三個階段：初期（燃燒室溫度緩慢升至200 °C）、中期（燃燒室溫度迅速上升到850 °C）及後期（燃燒室溫度穩定保持在1000 °C左右）。
研究結果顯示，都市垃圾焚化爐冷起動時，總(PCDD/Fs+PCBs)所排放的總毒性當量濃度(WHO2005-TEQ) ，在起爐10-13小時後，即位於冷起動中期達到高峰值；此時爐內溫度達到295~359 °C，位於PCDD/Fs及PCBs低溫再合成之溫度區間(250 °C ~450 °C)。經計算後，估計1號爐和2號爐在冷起動的45小時內，分別共排放了68.0及46.0 (mg WHO2005-TEQ)的總(PCDD/Fs+PCBs)。這種PCDD/Fs及PCBs大量排放的現象，是由於冷起動時，溫度經過PCDD/Fs及PCBs 低溫再合成之溫度區間(250 °C ~450 °C)所導致。研究結果亦顯示，即使起爐45小時之後，所排放的總(PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ)濃度仍然很高 (1號爐和2號爐分別為0.368及0.262 WHO2005-TEQ/Nm3)，約為台灣大型都市垃圾焚化爐煙道廢氣排放標準(0.1 ng-I-TEQ/ Nm3)的2.6~3.7倍。上述現象顯示出都市垃圾焚化爐系統中PCDD/Fs及PCBs記憶效應之重要性。起爐初期排出較高比例的PCBs-TEQ，這可能是由於在起爐初期，溫度較低時(77~200 °C)，PCBs物種，如：PCB-126及PCB-129，較PCDD/Fs物種，如：2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF及1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD等更易揮發，從而在總(PCDD/Fs + PCBs) WHO2005-TEQ 濃度中占有較高的比例。1號爐和2號爐於2010年，一整年不含起爐所排放之總(PCDD/Fs+PCBs) (WHO2005-TEQ) 分別為32.9 及24.7 (mg WHO2005-TEQ)。然而，一年中若有一、二、四、六及八次冷起動，平均所排放之總(PCDD/Fs+PCBs) (WHO2005-TEQ)佔整年總排放量之比例，分別可達66.3%、80.1%、89.5%、93.1%及95.1%。1號爐和2號爐於2010年一整年，含起爐一次所排放之總(PCDD/Fs+PCBs) (WHO2005-TEQ) 分別為100.9 (mg WHO2005-TEQ)及70.7 (mg WHO2005-TEQ)。然而，若冷起動次數增加為一年二、四、六及八次，則估計所排放之總(PCDD/Fs+PCBs) (WHO2005-TEQ) 平均增加率分別可達整年總排放量之65%、196%、327%及458%；換句話說，即每年所排放總(PCDD/Fs+PCBs) (WHO2005-TEQ) 之總量，分別為142.1、254.7、367.3及479.9 mg WHO2005-TEQ。因此，如何避免不必要之焚化爐冷起動，對控制PCDD/Fs及PCBs之排放非常重要。

The aim of this study is to know the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations and characteristics in the stack flue gas of municipal solid waste incinerators and their continuous emission scenario under cold-start condition. In this study, two furnaces (1 and 2) of a continuously operating MSWI in Taiwan were investigated in 2010. Each furnace ran the cold-start one time. Each of the whole sampling periods remain 45 hours after the beginning of cold-start and fifteen samples were collected (sample A~O). The sampling period was divided into three parts: the initial stage (combustion chamber temperature rose slowly to 200 °C), the middle stage (combustion chamber temperature rose quickly to 850 °C), and the final stage (combustion chamber temperature remain steadily at about 1000 °C). The result showed that during the cold-start of MSWIs, the peak of total (PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ) concentration was at the time of 10-13 hours after burner started; which was in the middle stage of the cold-start. At that time, the temperature of combustion chamber reached 295~359 °C and it was in the temperature window (250 °C ~450 °C) of the PCDD/F de novo synthesis. In the furnace 1 and 2, after careful calculation, the amount of (PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ) emission during cold-start was estimated to be 68.0 and 46.0 (mg WHO2005-TEQ), respectively within 45 hrs. During the cold-start, the phenomenon of high PCDD/F and PCB emission occurred since the temperature passed through the temperature window (250 °C ~450 °C) of the PCB and PCDD/F de novo synthesis. Both the PCDD/F and PCB (WHO2005-TEQ) concentrations were still high (0.368 and 0.262 ng WHO2005-TEQ/Nm3 in furnace 1 and 2, respectively) even when 45 hours after the cold-start, about 2.8~3.8 times higher than the National regulated standard in Taiwan. The above phenomenon demonstrated the significance of PCDD/F and PCB memory effect in the MSWI system. More fraction of PCB-TEQ was discharged during the initial stage of cold-start. This is probably due to the fact that at the lower temperature between 77 and 200 °C, in the initial stage of cold-start, the PCB congeners – PCB-126 and PCB-169 were more volatile than those PCDD/F congeners such as 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF, and contributed more on the (PCDD/F + PCB) WHO2005-TEQ concentrations. The annual (PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ) emission from normal operational conditions without including the cold-start was 32.9 (mg WHO2005-TEQ) by furnace 1 and 24.7 (mg WHO2005-TEQ) by furnace 2 in 2010. However, one, 2, 4, 6 and 8 times of cold-start can discharge approximately 66.3%, 80.1%, 89.5%, 93.1%, and 95.1% of annual total (PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ) emission. The amount of annual (PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ) emission from normal operational conditions with one time of the cold-start was 100.9 (mg WHO2005-TEQ) in furnace 1 and 70.7 (mg WHO2005-TEQ) in furnace 2 in 2010. However, if the cold-start was increased as two, 4, 6 and 8 times yearly, the amount of total (PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ) emission will be elevated approximately by 65%, 196%, 327%, and 458%, respectively; in the other word, the average annual (PCDD/F+PCB) (WHO2005-TEQ) emission will be 142.1, 254.7, 367.3, and 479.9 mg WHO2005-TEQ, respectively. Therefore, how to prevent from the unnecessary cold-start is of great importance for the control of PCDD/F and PCB emission in municipal solid waste incinerators.

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