城市化和氣候變化下，產生大量的雨洪逕流的問題，傳統上雨洪逕流是通過基礎設施進行管理的方式，其結構的效率及其對環境的影響日愈受到質疑。治水措施逐漸轉變為綜合治水，但如何應用土地使用規劃減少洪災風險並兼顧地區開發權益以達到永續發展，仍有待解決。因此，明確的責任分工對於雨洪逕流分配內部化過程至關重要。同時由於地區發展不平衡的關係，對於釐清逕流責任的歸屬變得尤為的困難。臺灣目前形成了大尺度和小尺度逕流分擔、出流管制的總體策略，但仍然缺乏中尺度的分配研究。
本研究，借由效率與公平的觀點，試圖建構一個兼顧「公平」與「效率」且具指導性的逕流分擔的規劃框架。該框架首先考慮了效率的觀點，通過研究流域的生態效率，建立了一個評估流域經濟效率和逕流治理效率的兩階段的DEA模型，難後，基於兩階段的DEA效率模型，提出了雨洪逕流分配的效率模型，實現雨洪逕流總量重新分配的目的。其次，從公平的角度，本研究通過多區域的輸入輸出遙相關關係，建立地區發展不平衡的評估方式，並以此結果作為雨洪逕流公平分配的依據。效率與公平的分配結果可以作為兩個極端分配下調整的依據，並應用決策者偏好的角度調整兩者分配的比例，從而得到雨洪逕流最佳分配方式和理清逕流責任的歸屬，進而回應都市急遽發展及全球氣候變遷之雙重挑戰下的治水策略。
具體的結論可歸結為以下幾點。效率觀點下的結論：（Ⅰ）大甲溪流域的綜合生態效率呈現中游（22.387）>下游（20.663）>上游（4.486）的情況，可見，流域的空間發展是不平衡的；（Ⅱ）在雨洪逕流減少29.7%的情況下，下游、中游和上游分別承擔了雨洪逕流量的減少總量的88.80%、5.61%和5.59%的分擔量，說明在考慮生態效率下，上中下游的對雨洪逕流量資源的分配能力存在著差異；（Ⅲ）根據綜合生態效率和資源配置的結果，我們知道綜合生態效率越低的地區，對資源的重新分配有更多的潛力。公平觀點下的結論：（Ⅰ）從耦合關係來看，外部系統需要分擔70.3%的逕流增量，中游和下游地區需要分擔4.98%和22.93%逕流總量，而上游只需要分擔1.39%的逕流總量。（Ⅱ）各類土地利用的逕流量的分擔結果，可以作為未來各部門治理雨洪逕流的財政投入的比例的依據。決策者偏好角度的結論：（Ⅰ）效率的雨洪逕流分配更具韌性，而公平的逕流分配結果的內部差異較小；（Ⅱ）決策者的不同偏好，對上中下遊的逕流分擔影響較大，當決策者偏好為0.2時（即更加注重公平的分配），逕流分擔的內部分歧最小。本文的研究結果可以作為中尺度的逕流分擔規劃的依據，並指導流域內各行政區的逕流分擔。

Under urbanization and climate change, a large amount of stormwater runoff is generated. Traditionally, stormwater runoff is managed through infrastructure. The efficiency of its structure and its impact on the environment are increasingly being questioned. Water control measures are gradually transformed into comprehensive water control, but how to apply land use planning to reduce flood risks and take into account the rights of regional development to achieve sustainable development remains to be resolved. Therefore, a clear division of responsibilities is essential for the internalization process of stormwater runoff distribution. At the same time, due to the unbalanced regional development, it is particularly difficult to clarify the ownership of runoff responsibility. Taiwan has formed a general strategy of large-scale and small-scale runoff sharing and outflow control, but there is still a lack of mesoscale distribution research.
This study, with the view of efficiency and fairness, attempts to construct a planning framework that takes into account both "fairness" and "efficiency" and guides runoff sharing. The framework first considers the viewpoint of efficiency. By studying the ecological efficiency of the watershed, a two-stage DEA model is established to evaluate the economic efficiency and environmental efficiency of the watershed. After the difficulty, based on the two-stage DEA efficiency model, an efficiency model of stormwater runoff distribution was proposed to realize the purpose of redistributing the total amount of stormwater runoff. Secondly, from the perspective of fairness, this study establishes an assessment method of regional development imbalance through multi-regional input-output coupling relationships, and uses this result as the basis for the fair distribution of stormwater runoff. The results of efficient and fair distribution can be used as the basis for adjustment under the two extreme distributions, and apply the perspective of decision maker preference to adjust the ratio of the two allocations, so as to obtain the best distribution method of stormwater runoff and clarify the attribution of runoff responsibility, and then respond to the water governance strategy under the dual challenges of rapid urban development and global climate change .
The specific conclusions can be summarized as follows. Conclusion from the view of efficiency: (I) the integrated ecological efficiency of watershed of Dajiaxi presents: midstream (22.387) > downstream (20.663) > upstream (4.486), suggesting the unbalanced spatial development of the watershed; (II) In the case when the stormwater runoff was reduced by 20%, the downstream, midstream and upstream respectively bear 88.80%, 5.61% and 5.59%of the total amount of reduced stormwater runoff, indicating that there is a difference in the ability of upstream, midstream and downstream to allocate stormwater runoff resources when the ecological efficiency is considered; (III) According to the integrated ecological efficiency and the results of resource allocation, it can be found that the lower the integrated ecological efficiency of an area, the more potential for resource allocation it will have. Conclusion from the fairness: (I) From the perspective of the coupling relationship, the external system needs to share 70.3% of the runoff increment, the midstream and downstream need to share 4.88% and 23.44% of the total runoff, while the upstream only needs to share 1.39% of the total runoff. (II) The results of runoff sharing by various types of land use can be used as the basis for determining the proportion of financial investment in stormwater runoff management by various departments in the future. Decision makers’ preference point of conclusion: (I) efficient stormwater runoff distribution is more resilient, while fairness runoff distribution results have smaller internal differences; (II) The different preferences of decision makers have a greater impact on the upstream, midstream and downstream runoff sharing. When the decision makers' preference is 0.2 (that is, more attention is paid to fairness distribution), the internal divergence of runoff sharing is the smallest. The research results of this paper can be used as the basis for the meso-scale flow sharing plan and guide the runoff sharing of the administrative districts in the watershed.

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