This study is situated within a wider scholarly debate on the democracy-human development nexus. It seeks to test the hypothesized causal mechanism that links democracy to human development in the context of emerging democracies and at the local level of analysis; local Indonesia. To that end, it applies the theory-testing process tracing method because it arguably is a well-suited methodology for testing theories or the hypothesized causal relationship. The study hypothesizes that democracy positively affects human development in the context of local Indonesia through democratic accountability mechanism such as election, media and civil society. It tested the hypothesized causal mechanism against the positive case of Sukabumi city, wherein both democracies as the cause and human development as the outcome are positively observed. As a result, it finds that the democratic accountability mechanism sufficiently links the causal effects of democracy to human development in the context of local Indonesia. It also proves the PA model-based causal mechanism to be analytically insightful and empirically operational in the case. It implies that elections function effectively as the political accountability mechanism. But it becomes more effective if integrated with social accountability mechanisms such as media and civil society through creating public discourse/opinion and social audits and agenda advocacy. The study also finds that the new social media might be able to address inherent agency loss of electoral accountability and serve as plausible alternatives to both media and CSOs’ accountability roles. Additionally, social media can make democratic accountability mechanisms more dynamic by promoting a kind of contingency accountability mechanism: a direct, recurrent, continuous, recursive, and deliberative accountability interaction.

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