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研究生： 陳佑瑜
Chen, Yow-Yu
論文名稱： 針尖誘導局部陽極氧化與蜇合劑非導電溶液的協同作用製備摻雜氮(N) TiO2/Ti 薄膜
Synergistic effect of chelating agents and tip-induced anodization through non-conducting solutions for Local deposition of N-doped TiO2 films on Ti substrates
指導教授： 張高碩
Chang, Kao-Shuo
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2023
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 142
中文關鍵詞： 溶液製程法 、選區局部陽極氧化法 、化學蜇合劑 、氮摻雜二氧化鈦薄膜
外文關鍵詞： tip-induced anodization process, non-conducting solution, local anodization, chelating agent, nitrogen-doped TiO2 film
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    • Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Film deposition techniques 1 1.1.2 Solution processing 1 1.1.2.1 Conventional approach: electrodeposition through electrolyte solution 3 1.1.2.1.1 Electroplating 4 1.1.2.1.2 Anodization 8 1.1.2.1.2.1 Working Principles 8 1.1.2.1.2.2 Two types of anodic layers: barrier type & porous type 10 1.1.2.1.2.2.1 Barrier-type anodic layers 10 1.1.2.1.2.2.2 Porous/tubular-type anodic layers 12 1.1.2.1.2.3 Field assisted dissolution of films 13 1.1.2.1.2.4 Field assisted oxidation of films 16 1.1.2.1.2.5 Effect of Applied Voltage or Current 19 1.1.2.1.2.6 Application 21 1.1.2.2 Novel approach: electrochemical deposition in non-conducting solutions 22 1.1.2.2.1 Localized Anodization in Non-conductive Solutions 26 Non-conductive solutions 27 High voltage & low current 27 Tip – substrate distance 29 Radius of sharp tip 30 Tip scanning rate 31 1.1.2.2.1.1 Tip–substrate interface interaction 33 1.1.2.2.1.1.1 Bias-induced oxidation 33 1.1.2.2.1.1.2 Space charge effect 35 1.1.2.2.2 Doping by Polymerized complex method 37 1.1.2.2.2.1 Chelation reaction 39 1.1.2.2.2.2 Why is chelating agent needed? 40 1.1.2.2.2.3 Polymerization reaction 41 Addition polymerization 42 Condensation polymerization 42 1.2 Fabrication process of a sharp tip 43 1.2.1 Background of electrochemical etching 43 1.2.2 Mechanism of tip etching 45 1.2.3 Experimental parameters for the fabrication process of tip-etching 47 Chapter 2 Experimental method 48 2.1 Materials 48 2.1.1 Chemicals for solution precursors 48 2.1.2 Chemicals for substrate cleaning 48 2.1.3 Substrate 49 2.1.4 Substrate cleaning process 49 2.2 Fabrication process of a tungsten tip 51 2.2.1 Materials and equipment 51 2.2.2 Experimental procedure for the fabrication of a tungsten tip 53 2.2.3 Tungsten tip cleaning 57 2.3 Preparation of precursor solutions 59 2.3.1 Preparation of titanium polymerized complex precursors (with citric acid) 59 2.3.2 Preparation of titanium complex precursors (without citric acid) 60 2.3.3 Preparation of nitrogen-contained precursors 61 2.4 Experiment setup 62 2.5 Plasma test experiment 68 2.6 Non-conductive solutions test 70 2.7 Fabrication of titanium-doped SiO2 films on silicon substrates 70 2.8 Fabrication of TiO2 films on titanium substrates 71 2.9 Fabrication of nitrogen-doped TiO2 films on titanium substrates through chelating agent 71 2.10 Characterization 73 2.10.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis 73 2.10.2 Optical microscopy (OM) 74 2.10.3 High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 74 2.10.4 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 75 2.10.5 Alpha-step analysis 76 2.10.6 Optical emission spectrum test (OES) 77 2.10.7 Conductivity- TDS-Salinity meter 78 Chapter 3 Results and discussion 79 3.1 Electrochemical reaction in conductive solutions 79 3.2 Electrochemical reaction in non-conductive solutions 80 3.3 Tip induced local anodic oxidation in non-conductive solutions 81 3.4 Various non-conductive solutions 82 3.5 Tip induced oxidation on silicon substrates 84 3.5.1 Experimental parameters 85 3.5.1.1 Distance between a tip and a substrate 85 3.5.1.2 Voltage / current for oxide surface morphology 86 3.5.1.3 Time effect on the size of films 89 3.5.1.4 Time effect on thickness of films 90 3.5.1.5 Stability study of a cathodic tungsten tip 91 3.5.2 Characterization of the film on Si substrates 98 3.5.2.1 XRD 98 3.5.2.2 Raman spectroscopy 99 3.5.2.3 SEM EDS mapping 101 3.5.2.4 XPS 104 3.5.2.5 XPS depth profile 106 3.6 Tip induced oxidation on a Ti substrate 109 3.6.1 Experimental parameters 109 3.6.1.1 Voltage / current to tune the morphology of resulting oxide films 109 3.6.1.2 Time effect on the size of the films 112 3.6.1.3 Scanning rate effect on film thickness 113 3.6.2 Characterization of the TiO2 film 115 3.6.2.1 XRD 115 3.6.2.2 XPS 117 3.6.2.3 SEM 119 3.6.2.4 SEM EDS mapping 120 3.6.3 Nitrogen-doped TiO2 films 121 3.6.3.1 Tuning of nitrogen concentrations 121 3.6.3.1.1 Heating temperature of precursors & anodization time 121 3.6.3.1.2 Amounts of urea 122 3.6.3.2 Characterization of N-TiO2 124 3.6.3.2.1 XPS 124 3.6.3.2.2 SEM EDS mapping 126 Chapter 4 Conclusions and future work 128 4.1 Conclusions 128 4.2 Future work 130 Chapter 5 References 131

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