視覺動作協調在日常生活中扮演很重要的角色，影響視覺動作協調的常見因素包括外在因素如空間、時間之不確定性等和個人內在因素如情緒、注意力等，這也是意外發生時影響反應行為的重要因素。文獻上至今大多是「情緒」或「空間不確定性」個別對於視覺運動行為的影響，但是較少研究同時探討兩種因素的對於視覺運動行為的影響，相關的神經生理基礎研究也較缺乏。因此本研究利用一個電腦程式執行觸及任務，以情緒圖片來操弄情緒刺激，以空間提示來操弄空間不確定性，再以搖桿執行觸及任務，希望探討情緒和空間不確定性對視覺動作協調的影響。實驗一有三種任務：情緒觸及任務（Task E）、提示觸及任務（Task C）和先情緒後提示觸及任務（Task E/C）。結果發現情緒只有在Task E反應時間才有顯著影響，負向情緒的反應時間較中性或正向長。空間不確定性在Task C和Task E/C的反應時間都有顯著影響，依序為無提示＝無效提示>有效提示>確定提示。實驗二受測者執行三種觸及任務並同步收錄事件相關電位（Event-Related Potentials , ERPs）之神經生理訊號。結果發現情緒只有在Task E反應時間有顯著影響，不同情緒在ERPs對目標刺激的反應上並沒有看到顯著差異。空間不確定性對於反應時間、關聯性負變化（Contingent Negative Variation, CNV）區域、Target-N2和P3都有顯著影響，CNV區域和Target-P3波的振幅與反應時間之相關性有顯著。結論是空間不確定性對觸及任務反應時間的主要效應顯著，不受情緒因素的影響。情緒因素為獨變項時對反應時間的主要效應顯著，在空間不確定性因素前給予情緒刺激時主要效應不顯著，兩者之間也沒有交互作用。本研究提供行為及神經電生理兩種層次上情緒和空間不確定性對觸及動作影響之基礎，未來可以此設計相關的訓練來改善受情緒或空間不確定性因素影響的視覺動作行為。

Visuo-motor coordination is importantly and frequently used in our daily life. The common factors that affect visuo-motor coordination include external factors such as spatial or temporal uncertainty, and internal factors such as emotion, attention etc. These factors also have effects on responses to accidents. From literature review, effect of emotion or spatial uncertainty on visuo-motor behaviors was independently investigated. Only few articles studied simultaneous effect of emotion and spatial uncertainty on visuo-motor behaviors, and related neurophysiologic research is seldom. In this study, we use a joystick-controlled reaching task, combined with emotional pictures and spatial cueing paradigm, to investigate simultaneous effect of emotion and spatial uncertainty on visuo-motor behaviors. In experiment I, there are three tasks including emotional stimulus reaching task（Task E）, cue stimulus reaching task（Task C）, and emotional/cue stimulus reaching task（Task E/C）. The results show emotion has significant effect on reaction time only at Task E. Negative emotion has longer reaction time than neutral or positive. Spatial uncertainty has significant effect on reaction time at both Task C and Task E/C. The order of length of reaction time is no cue = invalid cue > valid cue > certainty cue. In experiment II, participants record event-related potentials（ERPs）during reaching task. The results reveal emotion has significant effect on reaction time on at Task E, but no significant effect on ERPs. Spatial uncertainty has significant effect on reaction time, Contingent Negative Variation（CNV）area, Target-N2, and Target-P3 at both Task C and Task E/C. CNV area and amplitude of Target-P3 also have significant correlation with reaction time. In conclusion, spatial uncertainty has significant effect on reaction time at reaching task. Emotion has effect on reaction time only in one independent factor condition. There is no interaction between emotion and spatial uncertainty in this study. We provide the information of effects of emotion and spatial uncertainty on reaching at behavior and neurophysiologic levels. This basis may be useful for training design to improve some visuo-motor behaviors influenced by emotion or spatial uncertainty.

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