背景與目的: 下背痛是在肌肉骨骼系統中常見的疾病之一，全世界約有百分之六十以上的人口都有過下背痛的經驗，也是勞動人口中常見的職業傷害。國內護理人員下背痛的發生非常普遍，約有78%的研究對象都有下背痛的經驗。因此本實驗則利用動作分析系統以及力板跟肌電圖所獲得的資料，配合人體計測資料，以三維靜態生物力學分析來獲得護理人員在床邊平移病人時所承受的腰薦椎受力值以及影響因素。
方法: 本實驗共有十位護理人員參與，因移動病人的方式分成兩組，A組為分段完成搬運組，B組為一次完成搬運組，運用力板以及動作分析系統的資料，利用逆向動力學推算出在移動病人時作用於受測者腰薦椎的外力及外力矩，再配合肌電圖的資料，搭配最佳化程式運算得到作用於腰薦椎的各肌肉施力以及關節的作用力以及肌肉收縮比例去比較兩組的不同；在算出每各受測者的受力值後，分別依照背痛病史的有無再分成兩組比較腰椎受力值是否會因為背痛有所差別。
結果: 本實驗的結果顯示，分段完成將病人在床上平移的A組腰薦椎關節受力值以及力矩值比一次完成的B組大，尤其以總力矩，彎曲力矩有明顯差距；並且發現軀幹的旋轉角度與彎曲力矩大小是有中度正相關的關係。在檢測背痛因子對於腰薦椎關節的受力以及力矩值並沒有明顯的差異，但是發現有背痛病史的受測者的軀幹彎曲
角度明顯比沒有背痛病史大，並且腰薦椎關節的垂直壓力與軀幹的彎曲角度有中度正相關的關係。
結論: 護理人員在平移病人在床上位置時，身體過度的彎曲以及旋轉都會產生過大的腰薦椎受力值，因此本實驗建議護理人員在平移移動病人在床上的位置時，應採取身體對稱的姿勢，將腰部盡量保持直立的姿勢使力，避免產生不必要的彎曲以及旋轉的角度，使身體肌肉可以增加共同收縮模式，以期減輕腰薦椎的負荷。

Background: Over 60% population of the world has had the most common musculoskeletal disease- low back pain. According to the nurse-based studies in our country, about 78% nursing staff has low back pain problem. But little was known about the real spinal loading when the nurses performed patient-handling tasks. The aim of this study is to calculate the spinal loading of the L5/S1 joint and analyze how the factors influence the spinal loading of the nurses who perform horizontal repositioning patients on the bed by using 3D static biomechanics. Method: 10 clinic nurses participated in this study (mean: 26.8 yrs with standard deviation: 1.3yrs), and were divided into 2 groups by the techniques of repositioning the patient: group-A repositioned the patient segmental, and group-B repositioned the patient non-segmental. The study calculated the external loads acting on the L5/S1 joint by using inverse kinetics, and estimated the internal force acting on the L5/S1 joint by using EMG assisted optimization. After getting the results, we would exanimate the difference between the groups by repositioning techniques and low back pain history existed or not. Result: As the results showed that the internal force acting on the L5/S1 joint and the moment caused by external loads were larger in group-A than that in group-B. There were significant differences in the bending moment and the total moment between the groups. We also found that there was a positive correlation with a statistical significance between the bending moment and the angle of trunk rotation. There was no statistical difference found in spinal loading when we compared the subjects who have the low back pain history with who don’t. But we found that the subjects with low back pain history had larger angle of trunk flexion when performing the task. Besides we also found there was a positive correlation with a statistical significance between the angle of trunk flexion and compression force of the L5/S1 joint. Conclusion: Excessive trunk rotation or flexion would increase spinal loading of the L5/S1 joint when nurses perform horizontal repositioning the patient on the bed. So we suggested that nurses should perform the repositioning task with symmetric and erect posture to avoid excessive spinal loading. Moreover, the erect posture would decrease the spinal loading by increasing the co-contraction of the trunk muscle.

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