本研究目的以女性心理發展觀點，了解接受體外受精協助受孕母親在孕前與產後之心理健康變化趨勢，並探討心理社會文化相關因素對其心理健康的影響。本研究採前瞻性個案對照研究設計，研究對象主要來自中部地區試管嬰兒中心及區域醫院產前檢查門診之求診婦女，採立意取樣。研究組為接受體外受精協助受孕之初次懷孕生產婦女，共64位，控制組為初次自然懷孕生產婦女，共120位。於研究對象懷孕第28週至產前（T0）、產後第6-8週（T1）、產後第22-24週（T2）三個時間點，分別以結構化問卷（女性心理健康量表、自我消音量表、母職自我效能量表、生育觀念量表、艾氏人格量表）收集資料。
研究結果顯示如下：
(一)研究組整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」、「人際層面」、「家庭層面」、「社會層面」心理健康，在T0、T1、T2三時間點普遍低於控制組，唯有T2「家庭層面」心理健康較控制組為高，但差異程度未達顯著水準。其中，研究組在T1「社會層面」心理健康顯著低於控制組。
(二)研究組整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」、「人際層面」、「社會層面」心理健康，隨時間有顯著改變。綜合而言，T0最佳，T2次之、T1最差。「家庭層面」心理健康隨時間改變未達顯著，只有在T0顯著高於T1。二組女性心理健康趨勢無顯著差異。
(三)在人口學變項方面，研究組整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」、「人際層面」、「社會層面」等心理健康，受到婦女有無就業的影響，有就業者心理健康較佳。「家庭層面」與「社會層面」心理健康，受到婦女配偶教育程度的影響，配偶的教育程度越高，婦女的心理健康越佳。
(四)研究組自我消音與生育觀念顯著影響整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」心理健康，其中自我消音對整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」心理健康呈正向影響，生育觀念對整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」心理健康呈負向影響。自我消音與外向性特質對「人際層面」心理健康具正向影響，生育觀念與神經質特質對「社會層面」心理健康具負向影響，上述均達統計顯著性。
(五)外向性人格特質與自我消音對整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」女性心理健康具交互作用。神經質與母職自我效能對整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」、「家庭層面」、「社會層面女性心理健康具交互作用。外向性與母職自我效能對整體女性心理健康及「自我層面」、「家庭層面」、「社會層面」女性心理健康具交互作用。
接受體外受精協助受孕婦女為人母的心理健康潛能下降，且受到心理社會與文化因素的影響，本研究結果有助於臨床照護專業人員了解接受體外受精協助受孕婦女為人母的心理健康趨勢，提供護理照顧與心理諮商的參考，據此以正向心理健康觀點發展為人母之心理健康照護。

The purposes of this study were to explore the mental health trend among women who conceived undergoing IVF and to analyze how psychosocial and cultural factors influence the mental health of these women. A prospective case control study design with convenience sampling was adopted. Sixty-four women who conceived undergoing IVF recruited from an IVF center served as the study group, and 120 women who conceived naturally recruited from the antenatal clinics of regional hospitals served as the control group. Data were collected from 28 weeks of gestation to delivery (T0), weeks 6-8 postpartum (T1), and weeks 22-24 postpartum (T2) with structured self-reported questionnaires (Women’s Mental Health Scale, WMHS; Silencing the Self Scale, STSS; Maternal Efficacy Questionnaire, MEQ; Chinese Childbearing Attitude Questionnaire, CCAQ; Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, EPQ). The results revealed At T1, the “social domain” of the WMHS in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In the study group, three domains of the WMHS (self, interpersonal, and social) significantly differed between T0, T1, and T2. In general, T0 was the highest, followed by T2 and T1 (the lowest). There was no significant difference in the trend of the WMHS scores between the study group and the control group. The STSS and the “self domain” of the WMHS were significantly positively correlated; the CCAQ and the “self domain” of the WMHS were significantly negatively correlated. The STSS and “extraversion” of the EPQ were significantly positive correlated with the “interpersonal domain” of the WMHS; the CCAQ and “neuroticism” of the EPQ were significantly negatively correlated with the “social domain” of the WMHS. The results presented in this study will aid clinical professionals’ understanding of the trend of women’s mental health and indicate the mental health needs of women who conceived undergoing IVF.

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