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研究生： 花悅愛
Flores, Cara Cecilia Perez
論文名稱： 以反製圖法揭示在臺灣生活的移工之地方營造
Counter-mapping Methods to Reveal Livelihoods in Passing; Migrant Worker Placemaking in Taiwan
指導教授： 林蕙玟
Lin, Hui-Wen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所
Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年： 2022
畢業學年度： 110
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 169
中文關鍵詞： 菲律賓移工 、地方營造 、跨文化 、反製圖法
外文關鍵詞： Counter-mapping, Overseas Filipino Worker, Transcultural, Placemaking
相關次數： 點閱：143  下載：26 
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    • 雖然在臺灣的菲律賓海外移工 (OFW) 在 地方創生方面因臨時公民身份、工作性質、語言和文化障礙等因素而複雜化，但 OFW 仍然與他們居住的城市交互影響。這項研究利用反製圖 作為一種協作和創造性的方法，使藍領 OFW 社區能夠視覺化地呈現他們的社區營造以及他們在臺灣的身份認同和文化。反製圖/對抗性地圖是一種旨在記錄邊緣化社區與空間的關係以及顛覆主導力量的做法。在這種情況下，OFW 面臨新自由主義勞工政策的歧視，新自由主義勞工政策僅將他們視為短暫的勞動力商品，這使得他們難以創造持續且永久的生計以及對城市無須爭議的權利。

    本研究主要分為兩個部分：第一個是透過設計一個易被理解且引人入勝的反製圖法過程來擴展傳統的跨國研究過程以變得更具包容性和自主能力，第二則是透過工作坊裡的田野筆記與參與式觀察中創作的內容探討他們在臺灣的地方營造。透過組織各種利害關係人的設計過程，如參與政策變革和持行動主義的台灣移民工作者非政府組織、跨國藝術家和 OFW 社區本身為社區營造/地方創生做出了貢獻，因為它透過創造性的合作協助強化了社區。在兩次反製圖會議上OFW 參與者創作的地圖展現了 OFW 在世界各地遷徙時所伴隨著的豐富的文化認同，將他們的移民經歷歸納存檔，並強調聚集和慶祝、娛樂的地方重要性。此外，它們展示了非政府組織在為移民創建「賓至如歸」且可以使他們參與並爭取自己權利的空間方面發揮了不可或缺的作用。

    While Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) placemaking in Taiwan is complicated by factors such as temporary citizenship status, the nature of their work, language, and cultural barriers, OFWs still influence and are influenced by the cities they inhabit. This research utilizes counter-mapping as a collaborative and creative method to empower blue-collar OFW communities in visualizing their placemaking and consequently their identity and culture within Taiwan. Counter-mapping is a practice aimed at documenting marginalized communities' relationship to space and for the purpose of subverting dominant forces. In this case, OFWs face discrimination from neoliberal labor policies that treat them solely as transient labor commodities, which makes it difficult for them to create a sustainable and permanent livelihood as well as an uncontested right to the city.
    There are two main components within the research: the first is expanding traditional transnational research processes to become more inclusive and empowering via designing an accessible and engaging counter-mapping process, and the second is exploring OFW placemaking in Taiwan through content created in the workshop field notes, and participant observation. Through the design process of organizing various stakeholders, such as Taiwan-based migrant worker NGOs engaged in policy change and activism, transnational artists, and OFW communities contributed to placemaking, as it has helped strengthen the communities through creative collaboration. The maps created by OFW participants over two counter-mapping sessions reveal the rich cultural identity OFWs carry with them as they move through the world, archive their migration experience, and emphasize the importance of places to gather and celebrate. Furthermore, they demonstrate the integral role NGOs play in creating spaces for migrants to “feel at home” and where they can also engage in fighting for their rights.

    Table of Contents Abstract ii 中文摘要 iii Acknowledgements iv Table of Contents v List of Tables ix List of Figures x List of Abbreviations xii Chapter 1- Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.1.1 Migrant Workers in Taiwan with a focus on Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) 1 1.1.2 Significance of Migrant Worker Spaces 2 1.2 Research Purpose: Delving into Placemaking through Counter-Mapping 4 1.2.1 Why Counter-Mapping? 5 1.3 Research Objectives and Questions 6 1.4 Research Gap 8 1.5 Research Motivation 9 1.5.1 Relationship to the Creative Industries 9 1.5.2 Academic and Personal Motivation 9 1.6 Summary of Key Conceptual Terminology 10 1.7 Thesis Organization 11 Chapter Two: Literature Review 12 2.1 Globalization and Migration 13 2.1.1 Pushes and Pulls, the Migration of Overseas Filipino Workers 14 2.2 Multicultural communities’ impact on the landscape of the city 15 2.2.1 Transcultural Placemaking: Exploring sites of “third place” hybridity 17 2.3 Creative Methods of Describing Place and Engaging Communities 18 2.4 Counter Mapping As Practice and Process 18 2.4.1 Counter Mapping with Community Participatory Design to Reshape City futures 19 2.4.2 Counter Mapping as a form of community participation and justice 20 Chapter 3- Research Methodology 22 3.1 Research method Introduction 22 3.2 Research Timeline 25 3.3 Researcher Positionality 25 3.4 Data Collection Methods 26 3.4.1 Field Notes 27 3.4.2 Participant Observation 27 3.4.3 Workshop: Why use this methodology for counter-mapping? 28 3.4.4 Interviews 28 3.5 Research Settings and Participants 30 3.5.1 Taiwan International Workers Association 30 3.5.2 Serve the People Association (SPA) 31 3.5.3 Hsinchu Migrant Workers Service Center (and affiliation with Hope Workers Center) 31 3.5.4 Outside of the NGOs (elsewhere around Northern Taiwan) 32 3.6 Workshop Planning and Design 33 3.6.1 Logistical Considerations 33 3.6.2 Materials Development 35 3.6.3 Facilitator Introduction 40 3.6.4 Limitations 41 3.7 Data analysis 41 3.7.1 Analyzing Counter-mapping 42 Chapter 4- Conducting Counter-Mapping, Workshop Iterations, and Adaptations 43 4.1 First Iteration at Taiwan International Workers Center, Taipei 44 4.1.1 First Iteration Meeting Space and Schedule 44 4.1.2 First Iteration Workshop Learnings and Outcomes 48 4.1.3 Amendments for Second Iteration 50 4.2 Second Iteration Workshop at Serve the People Association, Taoyuan 51 4.2.1 Second Iteration Meeting Space and Workshop Schedule 51 4.2.2 Demographic Differences 53 4.2.3 Workshop Learnings and Outcomes 55 4.3 Adapting Workshop Designs: Co-designing a workshop at Hsinchu 56 4.3.1 Readapting Workshop Elements 57 4.3.2 Workshop Outcomes and Reflections 57 4.4 Analyzing the Advantages and Challenges of the Workshops 59 4.4.1 Advantages of Workshop as a Research Tool 59 4.4.2 Limitations of Workshop as a Tool 60 4.4 Insights to Using Workshops as a Methodology 61 4.4.1 Elements Necessary to make Counter-Mapping an Effective Tool 62 4.4.2 Implications of Using a Counter-Mapping Methodology 65 Chapter 5- Transcultural Placemaking in Northern Taiwan 66 5.1 OFW as Cartographer 66 5.1.1 From rural to urban: various homes and pathways of movement 69 5.1.2 Lives of Continued Movement 70 5.1.3 Importance of Migratory movement archiving 71 5.2 Creating Livelihood through Place 72 5.2.1 Analyzing place relations through occupation: importance, acknowledgements, and limitations 72 5.2.2 Limitations to categorizing by occupation 73 5.3 Caregiver, Fisherman, and Factory Worker Cultural Ecology Clusters 75 5.3.1 Analysis of Fisherman Place Cluster 76 5.3.2 Analysis of Factory Worker Place Cluster 77 5.3.3 Analysis of Caregivers Place Cluster 78 5.4 Finding Home through Diasporic Worlds: Transcultural Livelihood Creation 80 5.4.1 Sustaining Importance of “Little Manila” in Zhongshan, Taipei 81 5.4.2 Church as Community Cornerstone 83 5.4.3 Backdoor Pockets of Home 85 5.5 On Capturing “sense of place” vs. “placemaking” 87 5.6 Importance of identifying the places where the community interacts 88 Chapter 6- Counter-Mapping Towards the Bigger Picture 90 6.1 Interpretation of Taiwan 90 6.1.1 Maganda ang Lugar, Taiwan is Beautiful 91 6.1.2 Taiwan as Transitory Place 92 6.2 Suggestions for Spatial Accommodations of Migrant Workers 93 6.2.1 Revisiting importance of spaces to gather, connect, and celebrate 93 6.2.2 Supporting Role of NGOs as a transformative, transcultural place 94 6.3 Contributions to Narratives about Migration 96 Chapter 7- Conclusion 97 7.1 Summary of Key Themes and Contributions 97 7.1.1 Limitations 98 7.2 Revisiting the Research Gap 99 7.3 Where to Next? 101 References 103 Appendix A- Field Notes and Interviews 112 Appendix B- First Iteration Counter-Mapping Workshop 122 Appendix C- Second Iteration Counter-Mapping Workshop Field Notes 127 Appendix D- Output from Hsinchu Workshop 133 Appendix E- Output from TIWA & SPA Workshops 136 A. Tiwa Workshop 136 B. SPA Workshop 153 Appendix F- Glossary of Stickers 168

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