臺灣山區佔全島面積的三分之二，為平原地區地下水資源的重要補注來源區域。受到全球氣候變遷及極端氣候影響，臺灣的地面水文環境產生極大的變化，已影響到系統的水文循環，水資源匱乏現象更加明顯，而地下水文環境亦受到嚴重影響，在政府提倡多水源多系統聯合經營區域性水資源策略下，山區地下水資源不失為一重要之水資源調配來源，但是面對評估山區地下水蘊含量及補注量現況所需之地質與水文地質等基本資料，卻相當匱乏。臺灣南段山區地下水於豐枯季的差異極大，加上莫拉克颱風重創高屏地區水資源系統，山區聚落之供水問題更是捉襟見肘，國家公園、國家風景區與多處森林遊樂區及自然保留區，同樣面臨水資源供應不穩定的問題，山區地下水資源儼然成為穩定南段地區供水的重要來源。
本研究主要針對臺灣南段山區高屏溪流域上游進行地下水補注潛能與開發潛能區評估與劃設，主要研究方法為除蒐集研究區內，包括水系、流域、地質及土地利用調查等水文地質相關資料外，並使用遙測影像資料進行處理分析，考慮所需資料規格以及取得便利性，以福衛二號、航空照片及數值高程模型(DEM)進行地形分析、水系分布與植被狀況等，以建置基本圖資，並利用地理資訊系統(GIS)具空間整合功能套疊各項主題圖層，以作為水文地質特性分析之數據。
本研究為劃設山區地下水補注潛能區，參考國內外相關文獻選定五項地下水補注潛能因子，包括岩性、線性密度、水系、坡度以及土地利用，並利用各因子間相互影響程度給予不同比率及權重值，最後利用地理資訊系統劃分研究區地下水補注潛能區，研究結果指出研究範圍內之最佳地下水補注潛能區域位於旗山溪及荖濃溪下游河谷區域，此區域地表岩性以河川堆積物為主，適宜入滲，且地形平緩，故形成地下水補注潛能最高區域。
另本研究根據水平衡模式及基流量估計模式，進行山區逕流量與補注量估算，推估研究區域補注率之分布，並採用GOD指標評估模型概念，考量降雨補注、地表岩入滲及地下水位深度三項主要評估因子，藉以劃分研究區域地下水開發潛能區。研究結果顯示，高開發潛能區域包括隘寮溪下游河谷地區、旗山溪下游區域與荖濃溪下游河谷區域。本研究以地下水模擬系統(GMS)估算荖濃溪下游，即荖濃溪與隘寮溪交匯的三角洲範圍面積約141平方公里之開發量，模擬結果，於研究區設置高樹、泰山、新南、關福及新豐國小等五站虛擬抽水井，因新南站水力傳導係數較高，具有較高的開發量，洩降1公尺，其含水層出水能力為1.85百萬噸/平方公里，而新豐國小、高樹站及關福站等三站可開發量相近，每年約有0.54~0.64百萬噸/平方公里，泰山站因水力傳導能力較差，其含水層出水能力為0.29百萬噸/平方公里，可以提供作為日後區域地下水資源實際開發之參據。

The purpose of this research is to investigate and assess groundwater resources in mountain area of Kaoping River, Taiwan. In study area, basic information from remote sensing and a satellite phantom was collected to set up the basic data maps and to construct of the three-dimensional conceptual model. A geographical information system (GIS) is used to integrate five contributing factors, namely lithology, land cover/land use, drainage, slope, and lineaments to demarcate the groundwater recharge potential zone. Then these data maps were applied to estimate the exploitative potential zone and the recovery capacity of groundwater by the GOD system that considered the groundwater recharge, overlying lithology and groundwater depth rating. The results showed that the valley of major rivers were the major exploitative potential zone that included Laonong River, Chishan River and Ailiao River.
A numerical model in the range of Laonong River and Ailiao River was built by groundwater model system, GMS, in order to estimate the groundwater yield in potential exploiting sites, Gaoshu, Taishan, Shinnan, Guanfu and Shifong. The best site located at Shinnan due to higher hydraulic conductivity that the annul groundwater yield under unit drawdown is 1.85 million tons/km2. Result of Gaoshu, Guanfu and Shifong is in the range of 0.54~0.62 million tons/km2 and groundwater yield only 0.29 million tons/km2 at Taisha because of the lower permeability. In summary, these data and result of groundwater resources are very important in water resources planning and have been achieved in south Taiwan.

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