綠島珊瑚礁於 2006 年大量死亡，經發現乃因黑皮海綿 (Terpios hoshinota) 覆蓋於珊瑚上所致。電顯切片發現，海綿體腔內含大量藍綠菌，可能和提供海綿營養、助長其快速蔓延有關。為進一步了解藍綠菌的種類及特性，我們在三年前進行黑皮海綿採樣，由其中挑取藍綠菌進行培養，並成功獲得一株藍綠菌品系 GI-1 ，發現與野外黑皮海綿體腔內的共生藍綠菌具近似的親緣關係。
因此，本研究的目的，在於利用 16S rDNA 搭配型態觀察、基因體分析、乃至於脂肪酸、藻紅蛋白及營養能力分析等生化特徵進行鑑定，結果發現其無論就 16S rDNA 、型態、 GC content 、基因體大小及產生孢子的能力等，均符合「type II」藍綠菌的特徵；其孢子囊型態以及孢子無趨光能力的特性和 type II 藍綠菌的 Chroococcidiopsis 相近，而脂肪酸組成及藻紅蛋白吸收光譜波型卻近似於同為 type II 的另一屬 Myxosarcina 。依現行 type II 型態分類依據，理應將 GI-1 歸類為 Chroococcidiopsis 屬內，然從脂肪酸組成、藻紅蛋白光譜，乃至於親緣關係分析結果，均顯示 GI-1 與 Chroococcidiopsis 有明顯差異，有必要將其獨立成一個新屬。

A mass mortality of coral reefs happened in Green Island in 2006, due to the invasion of the black sponge Terpios hoshinota. The electron microscopy observation showed that the internal cavity of the sponge filled with cyanobacteria cells, which might provide nutrition and help outbreak of the “black disease”. In order to characterize and identify the unique symbiotic cyanobacteria in T. hoshinota, we have tried to isolate the cyanobacteria. Fortunately, we isolated a cyanobacterium named GI-1, and the phylogenetic analysis was closely related with symbiotic cyanobacteria with T. hoshinota.
The purposed of this study was to confirm the relationship between T. hoshinota and GI-1. We used morphology, biochemical and genomic analysis to do the fundamental research of Black disease. According to the results, GI-1 was recognized as type II cyanobacterium. The colony shape of GI-1 resembles Myxosarcina and Chroococcidiopsis, the fatty acid profile was similar to the former but the phototactic response closed to the latter, therefore according to the type II cyanobacteria identification criterion, GI-1 should be classed into Chroococcidiopsis, however its phylogenetic relationship and biochemical characteristic is different. On the basis of it's phylogenetic, morphological and biochemical distinctiveness, strain GI-1 represents a novel species of type II cyanobacteria.

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