出露於台灣東部海岸山脈之火成岩紀錄了北呂宋島弧(North Luzon Arc)早期的火成作用。然而台灣高溫多雨之氣候使此區域之火成岩普遍呈現嚴重的蝕變，弧陸碰撞所造成之劇烈抬升以及擠壓亦造成古火山體的破壞與變形。採樣上的困難導致海岸山脈火成岩之相關研究極為稀少。Lai and Song (2013) 結合火山岩相分析、海洋測深學以及同位素等分析，判定海岸山脈火成岩分屬四座火山，但此四座火山火成岩之地球化學特性以及火成作用演化史(petrogenetic evolution)仍有待釐清。三仙台位於海岸山脈中南段的海岸線上，座落於成功盆地，並毗鄰上述四座火山中之成廣澳火山。台灣地質調查所將三仙台標示為外來岩塊(transported blocks)，但出露於此之火成岩較海岸山脈其餘區域之樣本新鮮，因此其地球化學特性或可提供海岸山脈火成作用演化史之制約。
均質性與異質性的安山岩塊分別散佈於海岸山脈沿岸:三仙台地區及三仙台島上。兩類角礫岩皆鑲嵌於凝灰岩質的基質中，均質性角礫岩多為黑色且相對新鮮的岩塊，而異質性角礫岩顏色不一，推測其可能源自不同期的噴發或受控於基質中蝕變礦物之差異。由野外產狀以及岩相推論此地之火山角礫岩為火山碎屑流堆積之結果。結晶分化之模擬結果顯示斜輝石之結晶分化可解釋異質性火山角礫岩之微量元素變化。而透過同位素特性的比較則指示三仙台樣本與海岸山脈之火成岩之源區截然不同。因此三仙台之來源仍屬未定。 藉由源區混染之模擬計算，三仙台樣本之同位素特性顯示其源區可解釋為菲律賓海板塊之貧脊地函受南中國海自生性(authigenic)沉積物交代換質之結果。而其餘北呂宋島弧之樣本，如綠島(Hung, 2009)、蘭嶼或菲律賓之南島(Marini et al., 2005)等，皆須由不同形式之交代換質作用來解釋，且部分樣本之同位素特性應考慮蝕變海洋地殼對源區之影響。

Geochemical studies on the lavas from the northern end of the North Luzon arc (NLA) at eastern Taiwan are scarce and have rarely been included in the NLA evolution history. Lai and Song (2013) combined lithofacies analysis, bathymetric and isotopic data to propose four volcanic centers in the Coastal Range. However, the geochemical features and significance of these volcanic
rocks have not been addressed in detail. In addition to those in the Coastal Range, volcanic breccias also occur ~8 km east of the middle-south section of the Coastal Range on the coastline at Sansiantai (SST). These volcanic breccias are fresher but have been inferred as exotic blocks with unidentified source. In this study, the petrography, mineral chemistry, major and trace
elements, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the volcanic rocks from SST were determined and compared to those of the lavas from the aforementioned volcanic centers to trace the sources. The SST volcanic rocks are characterized by breccias of centimeter to meter size imbedded in greenish or brownish tuff. Based on their colors, these breccias were tentatively classified into “monolithologic” and “polylithologic” types. The monolithologic breccias (MB) are relatively fresh and mainly blackish, while the polylithologic breccias (PB) are characterized by varying colors, possibly representing products from different eruptive episodes. The tuff samples were also analyzed to provide constraints on the genesis of the breccias. The SST volcanic rocks contain olivine, plagioclase and two pyroxene phenocrysts without hornblende, contrasting to the occurrence of hornblende phenocrysts in the samples from the Coastal Range. The tuff, however, contains higher proportions of clay minerals, reflecting higher degrees of alteration. The outcrop occurrences and the petrography in the section where tuff and breccias intersected suggested a pyroclastic flow origin for the SST volcanic rocks. Sansiantai is adjacent to the Chengkuangao volcano. Nevertheless, the differences in major element and trace element compositions as well as isotopic signatures between Sansiantai and Chengkuangao samples (Lai, 2012) imply distinct magmatic sources. The compositional variations and fractional crystallization modeling also suggest that the volcanic rocks from the four volcanoes and the SST area cannot be related to each other by fractional crystallization processes. Source contamination modeling suggests that the isotopic signatures of Sansiantai samples can be explained by addition of authigenic sediment components into the depleted mantle. Nevertheless, the role of altered oceanic crust (AOC) is also an essential component in the sources of the NLA lavas.

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Web citation
Richard V. Fisher, 1997, http://volcanology.geol.ucsb.edu/frags.htm